Unix Background / History CSE 4251, Sp 2014, Bolz 422 Dr. Bob Mathis, DL 250

Unix is a 4-letter word

Unix Basics in this Course What I do (that’s the theme of most books) PuTTY - a utility on PCs (like in the classroom) Terminal on the Mac Mac OS X has Unix underneath Special app (ssh Pro) on the iPad

Unix History In the 1950’s, companies & universities built their own operating systems & programming languages MIT, Bell Labs, and others started MULTIX Bell Labs dropped out and form its Unix project Unix became popular at universities and textbooks Linux (started by Linus Torvalds) was on Minix (from Andrew Tanenbaum textbook)

Informal Unix History Why weren't the major electrical companies (GE, IBM, AT&T, etc.) involved with computers? Companies tried to work together to do necessary things like languages and operating systems. MIT & Bell Labs (AT&T) worked together on MULTICS. That group broke up and Bell Labs did Unix. IBM punch cards, but AT&T wanted on-line communications.

Operating System An interface to program to/against. Software generally written in layers Want to have high level capabilities to work with. Allocate & assign memory space Run a program Make a data file A few other things. Basic commands, but “shell” to provide a simpler way to combine actions

Unix Progression Microsoft NT (the stuff after DOS but before Windows) was not UNIX because IBM didn’t want to compete with old AT&T. When Steve Jobs left Apple, he formed NeXT on top of Berkeley's BSD version of UNIX and used Objective-C because it was a product of another company. Berners-Lee had a NeXT computer when he invented the World Wide Web. The original APRA net had special computers to do the connections and networking, but since BSD UNIX was also funded by DARPA, they began to incorporate the networking software in their version of UNIX. By 1995, Steve Jobs had come back to Apple and brought NeXT with him. Windows 95 came with the Internet protocols built in. Linux was just getting started as an expansion from a textbook example. AT&T was going out of business and independent computer companies no longer developed their own operating systems for new computers. Of course there were very few new architectures. Hence the dominance of UNIX.

Linux Minux was a textbook example Linus Torvalis expanded that into a PC-oriented (and independently developed) version of Unix Then became the GNU version of Unix

Simple Unix Commands pwd ls ls -la chmod exit

How to print a file directory Directories are not printable in Windows and MacOS X do a directory in Unix redirect output to file print that file

Start a Web Page Working between your own machine and CSE machine mkdir, rmdir, rm, cat, chmod 644, some simple HTML Basic Web page - HTML 4251 Sample sample text more text To copy a file (this one) from my Mac to faclinux to be on my web page: Bobs-MacBook-Air:~ bobmathis$ scp -r ~/Desktop/CSE4251_Sp14.doc Then update file permissions.