Comprehensive user education to successfully navigate the Internet Part 5- Writing and citing Course developed by University Library of Debrecen

Topics covered: How to write an article/essay Citation and plagarism Preparing a bibliography: citation styles Using Refworks

Steps: 1.Research Internet Library Databases 2.Analysis understand the principles of argument by different authors and assess their reasoning coming up with your own arguments

3.Writing the thesis statement 1.Determine what kind of paper you are writing: An analytical paper : breaks down of an issue and evaluation to the audience. An expository (explanatory) paper: explains something to the audience. An argumentative paper : makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. 2. Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence.

4. Compiling notes and prepare an outline Make the points brief Choose the structure of the paper 5. Writing the essay 6. Preparing the bibliography

Structure of an essay/article includes: 1.Introduction Grab the reader's attention. Present: an interesting fact a surprising piece of information an exciting quotation an intriguing paradox an explanation of an odd term a short narrative/anecdote (not fiction) a provocative question Present your thesis

2. Literature Review A literature review is a survey of already existing writings (usually published) on a given topic or area with a view to assessing their relevance to a proposed project. Such a review will not just be a summary but will also evaluate and show relationships between different material, so that key themes emerge. Even a descriptive review however should not just list and paraphrase, but should add comment and bring out themes and trends.

3. Methodology Research methodology has to be chosen very carefully after deciding on a topic and formulating a set of viable and valid research questions. Some types of research questions and research objectives require qualitative data while others require quantitative data. Qualitative research involves analysis of data such as words (e.g., from interviews), pictures (e.g., video), or objects (e.g., an artifact). Quantitative research involves analysis of numerical data.

4.Discussion The function is to interpret your results in light of previous research about the subject of the investigation, and to explain our new understanding of the problem after taking your results into consideration. Main questions to answer: Do your results provide answers to your testable hypotheses? How do you interpret your findings? Do your findings agree with what others have shown? What is our new understanding of the problem you investigated and outlined in the Introduction?

5. Conclusion The function is to restate the main argument. It reminds the reader of the strengths of the argument, it reiterates the most important evidence supporting the argument. Main questions to answer: What is the significance of your findings? What are the implications of your conclusions for this topic and for the broader field? Are their any limitations to your approach? Are there any other factors of relevance that impact upon the topic but fell outside the scope of the essay? Are their any suggestions you can make in terms of future research?

6. Bibliography A bibliography, often referred to as "Cited References," is an alphabetical list of all the materials (books, articles from journals, newspapers, interviews, web pages, etc.) that are used in the preparation of a research paper or that are referred to in the text. Citation styles: MLA (Modern Languages Assocation): Humanities: languages, literature, philosophy, religion and the arts. APA (American Psychological Association): Social Sciences: psychology and behavioral science, education, sociology, anthropology, business, economics, political science and criminal justice. Chicago: History CSE (Council of Science Editors): sciences.

The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded in some way (such as a book or a computer file). Forms of plagarism: turning in someone else's work as your own copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit failing to put a quotation in quotation marks giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not

Avoid plagarism: Develop a topic based on what has already been said and written BUT Write something new and original Rely on experts' and authorities' opinions BUT Improve upon and/or disagree with those same opinions Give credit to previous researchers BUT Make your own significant contribution CITE THE SOURCES YOU USE!

Reference manager softwares help you to collect and manage citation information and to generate formatted bibliographies in a range of styles. Uses: collect and organize references from many different resources into your own personal, searchable database create formatted bibliographies and reading lists develop lists of cited papers as footnotes or as endnotes at the conclusion of scholarly papers

An online research management, writing and collaboration tool -- is designed to help researchers easily gather, manage, store and share all types of information, as well as generate citations and bibliographies.

Program is available from anywhere. Easy to deliver, maintain and support! Upgrades Included. Program can be used across multiple platforms (Windows, Mac, Unix) Creating personal database Sorting and searching by multiple methods Sharing database content with fellow researchers Usage is not connected to IP address Multi-lingual interface

Registration Creating folders Entering data Choosing a citation style Creating bibliography Sharing folders Personal database tools Write-N-Cite Tutorials

Institutional regsitration Login from campus IP address from off campus

Creating new folders

Entering data: importing from other databases starting from RefWorks manual data entry Direct import

Importing from RefWorks databas Manual data entry

Choosing a citation style for the bibliography

Sharing folders

Search in personal database

Write-N-Site: Links RefWorks with the computer’s text editor program After installation it can be used immediately