HTML & XHTML Introduction

First HTML 1992 Marked-up text to represent a hypertext document for transmission over the network The hypertext mark-up language is an SGML format SGML The 1st web page was created1st web page

Versions of HTML - HTML Can represent hypertext news, mail, documentation, and hypermedia; Menus of options; Database query results; Simple structured documents with in- lined graphics

HTML 3.2 Tables, applets, text-flow around images, superscripts and subscripts Provided backwards compatibility with the existing HTML 2.0 Standard.HTML 2.0 Standard

HTML 4.0 & 4.01 Supports more Multimedia options Scripting languages Style sheets Better printing facilities Accessible to users with disabilities Internationalization of documents Last of HTML

XML eXtensible Markup Language Developed by the W3C A subset of SGML constituting a particular text markup language for interchange of structured data A flexible way to create standard information structure Share data & structure over the Web

Example XML file CSS file More at

Sample XML <!DOCTYPE Video [ ] > 1996 Mission: Impossible Brian De Palma Action Tom Cruise Emmanuelle Beart 110 PG Home on the Range Will Finn Comedy G.W. Bailey Roseanne 76 PG

HTML + XML  XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Application of XML Successor to HTML Reformulation of HTML 4.0 in XML 1.0 Stricter remaking of HTML Deprecated tags – phasing out some tags from HTML 4.01 Deprecated tags

Rules of XHTML Use all lowercase letters for tags Nest elements correctly This is wrong. This is right.. Always use end tags End empty elements   Error in page 57 in the textbook

Rules of XHTML (cont.) Use quotation marks for values  Give every attribute a value  Use code for special characters .

Rules of XHTML (cont.) Use id insead of name  Put styles and scripts in separate file Declare DOCTYPE Resource:

Template TITLE OF PAGE GOES HERE CONTENT OF PAGE GOES HERE.