Chapter 6 Creativity: Art & Music When bringing you a “creation,” however simple or strange, a child is unconsciously saying, “Here is a part of myself I am giving you.” ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Art, Music and Movement Music and art are languages A means of communication A developmentally appropriate classroom will weave art, music and movement into the daily curriculum Should be a focused part of the day and also be integrated with other content areas Art, music and movement activities nurture the development of minds, bodies, emotions, and language ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Music and Movement on Domains Music and movement activities: Encourage physical development The importance of play Incorporate intellectual growth Involve listening Provide socially and emotionally responsive activities Cultivate musical language development Stimulate children’s creativity and uniqueness ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Infant & Toddler Developmental Stages in Art Sensory experience Consider safety and appropriateness of materials Children use entire bodies to interact with art materials Enjoyment comes from exploration Transitions to and from art activities are important Flexibility is needed both inside and outside Scribbling begins early ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Children’s Developmental Stages in Art Preschoolers, pre-kindergartners, and kindergartners Kellogg’s “20 Basic Scribbles” Placement stage Shape and design stage Pictorial stage Child creates in order to make sense of world May tear up art work while involved in the process Children enjoy using their imaginations Do not provide models for copying Continued exploration and manipulation ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Kellogg’s Stages of Art ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Children’s Developmental Stages in Art (continued) Early primary grades More serious and focused Realistic color and proportion emerge Careful planning is part of the process Opinion of adult becomes important Child thinks art must be recognizable in both content and subject Individual, creative, and cultural differences emerge Often art is not a major focus of the day, but it should still be included frequently ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Creativity Creativity is the process of doing, or bringing something new and imaginative into being Provide opportunities for creativity to be expressed Show genuine respect Provide an inspiring environment Do not be a destroyer of creativity ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reflect on This Coloring books are not creative art How would you handle a parent who brought coloring books that are advertisements from the company where she works? ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Creating an Environment for Creative Expression Children go at their own pace and are self- directed Children learn by active manipulation of objects and interactions with people Eliminate conditions providing stress and too strict time limits ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Providing an Art Environment Provide time, space, and materials Spacious area near a window if possible Art experiences through out the day Plan art activities for centers, small groups and outdoors Keep safety in mind Encourage children to participate in all phases of art, including set-up and clean-up Ensure that each and every child will be successful ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

The Art Environment Bring order to the environment by setting up the structure of space, time, and materials to reflect your educational goals Design thought out space where children can discover, process, experiment, and explore Arrange the materials and space so that the children can self-select if you want them to work independently ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

The Art Environment Store and label materials and tools so that children learn how to get what they need and put an item back and clean-up by themselves Be flexible Adjust the arrangement of the easels, tables, chairs, and other furniture to suit the needs of individual children at specific times ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Music and Movement Environments Developmentally appropriate early music experiences should occur in child-initiated, child-directed, teacher-supported play environments Numerous music and movement activities should be provided DAILY, in a well-planned space Classrooms should be arranged to accommodate music and movement, not just allowed outdoors or in a large motor room Consider sound levels ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Outdoor Environment Provides Expanded space Freedom to move Freedom to mess Wider choices of media Nature excursions also can inspire creativity in artwork ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Aesthetic Environment Being artistic does not just mean making art or music, it also means developing a sense of aesthetics Recognize beauty, inside and out Pay attention to and use details of sounds, color, shape, patterns, and texture Use books with all types of illustrations Display fine art and listen to a variety of music Use light and sound in interesting ways ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Musical Instruments Have instruments of good quality Encourage children to listen to the instruments, touch them, and experiment with making sounds and music on them Types of instruments Percussion Wind String Brass ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Making Musical Instruments Instruments made from donated materials Drums Tambourine Wood-block tambourine Sandpaper blocks Shakers Wind chimes Shoe box guitar Flute ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Storing and Caring for Instruments All instruments, including those made by the children, should be treated with care Instruments are not to be used as toys or weapons Rules (limits) should be developed and explained Special storage place ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Involving Children in All Forms of Art Tearing, cutting, and gluing Painting String painting Object painting Finger painting Crayons, markers, and chalk Crayon rubbings Crayon resist Three-dimensional materials Height, width, depth Texture Use of hands ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

How Art Activities Can Support Development Tearing, cutting, and gluing Help small muscle development Provide tactile experiences Collage making Painting Encourages language development Helps with judgment of spatial relationships Develops form perception Allows for the coordinated use of many muscles Provides opportunities for manipulation and experimentation ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More on How Art Activities Can Support Development Painting (continued) With string, gadgets, feet With various textured paints and objects Crayons, markers, and chalk Provide excellent prewriting experiences Drawing, rubbings, resist Three-dimensional materials Encourage exploration Help children release emotional tensions and frustrations ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Reflect on This Is it art or is it a craft? How can you tell if an activity is truly creative? ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Support Children’s Development with Music Express aesthetic qualities through movement of children’s bodies as they listen to, perform, and create music Stimulate children to experiment with how sound is created through their voices or musical instruments, to recognize songs, and to explore melodies by varying tempo, rhythm, tone, and volume ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Support Children’s Development with Music Include listening activities by asking for a response, remembering a song or parts of a song, recognizing musical instruments, focusing on sound, and developing auditory discrimination Extend vocabulary, learn word and sound patterns through singing and listening ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Explore Dimensions of Music Beat: An accent of sound or a continuing series of accents Melody: A sequence of tones of varying pitches organized in a rhythmically meaningful way Pitch: The highness or lowness of a tone on a musical scale Rhythm: A sense of movement and patterns in music created by beats, the duration and volume of sounds, and the silences between sounds ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

More Dimensions of Music Tempo: A sense of slowness or rapidity in music Timbre (TAM-bur): The unique tone quality of a voice or a musical instrument Tone: An individual musical sound Volume: The softness or loudness of a sound ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Songs and Singing Singing can be experienced alone or shared with others Songs encourage children to make up new words and to move with the music Singing with children throughout daily routines nurtures important learning connections Enthusiastic teacher participation encourages the development of children’s musical ability ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction of Classical Music Research has shown that classical music has a significant effect on the brain Gradually introduce classical background music into the environment Think about when and why you want to have music playing Be intentional Choose selections carefully Children should not be deprived of the whole musical picture because they are too young to understand it ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Sequence of Introducing Musical Sounds, Instruments Introduce recordings children can sway to Have children clap to rhythm Use wind chimes and music boxes Introduce instruments one at a time Have children play in groups Use jingle bells Experiment with vibrations ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Music and Movement Activities Friends Go Marching Dance to cultural music Interpret instrumental music Partners “Go In and Out the Window” Balance beanbags as you move Twist on paper plates to Chubby Checker Move with scarves ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Art Across the Curriculum Connect art to everything you do Encourage the use of art vocabulary Combine art and math on a regular basis Use art to explore scientific principles Promote literacy and brain development Art is multimodal and multisensory learning ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Art and Science Discover what a specific material can do and what the child can do to control it Observe what happens when colors are mixed together Notice what happens when flour and water are combined Experiment with thick paint and thin paint ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Art and Science Discover what happens when you press down hard or lightly with a brush or crayon on paper Observe what happens when paint is brushed over a crayon picture Determine what occurs when different ingredients are mixed together ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Connect Music, Movement with Areas of Curriculum Use music and musical activities to promote mathematical thinking Contributes to language curriculum by introducing vocabulary, sound patterns, and literacy skills Supports social studies by bringing into the classroom music, musical instruments, and dances from around the world Incorporate books ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Technology Art and music can be enhanced by using Overhead projectors Cameras Photocopiers Tape recorders/CDs/MP3 players Videotapes Computer technology ALWAYS preview software so you know it is developmentally appropriate and meets your educational objectives ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Multicultural/Anti-Bias Activities Bring the arts into the classroom by Displaying prints and books that include art Listening to world music Inviting community artists to visit or going to their studios Taking field trips to galleries, museums, performances, and public art displays Multicultural instruments and art materials should always be available Use music and art projects that reflect both ancient and modern cultures ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Art and Special Needs Children Art and music are open-ended, so they can accommodate the needs of each and every child Adaptations Art center Music center Materials Implements ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Sharing Art and Music with Families Help families understand why art and music are important Explain stages of art and music development Encourage art, music and movement to happen in the home environment Suggest materials, spaces, and togetherness ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Be A Facilitator and Observer of Art and Music Do not focus on the outcome or product— focus on the process Facilitate and observe Do not evaluate/judge art work or try to elicit responses Provide space, materials, and time Use ART TALK and MUSIC TALK Always try songs, materials and activities first before introducing them to the children Model appropriate use of instruments, materials and implements ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Guidance Guidelines in Art and Music Centers Clarify goals and objectives for each center Establish rules and limits to guide children toward responsibility Ensure that a wide variety of art and music activities are available in many places in the room Mess is okay in art, noise is ok in music Different types of instruments and art materials require an understanding of how to use them appropriately ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Use of Food in Art Projects Considerations Sends mixed messages about playing with food World hunger Expense Cultural sensitivity Allergies Self-regulation skills of toddlers Food products such as flour, cornstarch, salt, and food coloring are acceptable Alternative choices ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Tips for Displaying Children’s Art Display art in the classroom Display art at the children’s eye-level Change the art displays frequently Mount or frame art like in a museum Display all types of creations, not just the best or all at one time Avoid visual over-stimulation Use different methods to display art work ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Music Tips for Teachers Be aware that music activities prepare the brain for listening and more difficult tasks by preparing the brain to work from both hemispheres Invite families to participate in your music experiences Use a variety of approaches for including music and movement Flannel board, puppets, simple props, books ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Music Tips for Teachers Know the songs well Sing them in their entirety, not phrase by phrase Incorporate simple actions into the songs Cross midline Ask children to provide sound effects for a story Observe and listen to the children Be involved and enthusiastic ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.