Skeletal System

The Skeletal System In this lesson, you will Learn About… I can describe the parts and functions of the skeletal system and explain how they work together I can describe the types of connective tissue I can discuss and describe bone injuries and disorders of the skeletal system.

The Skeletal System The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are: Joint. Cartilage. Ligament. Tendon. Click each term to display its definition.

Bones for Support, Muscles for Movement You depend on your skeletal and muscular systems to support you and help you move.

Bones for Support The skeletal system gives the body structure and protects the internal organs. The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones as well as many joints and connecting tissues. Connective tissue: -Cartilage -Ligaments -Tendons Besides supporting and protecting the body, the bones also store calcium and other minerals and make blood cells.

Bones for Support Bones have many important jobs: Movement: bones provide points of attachment for muscles. When your limbs move muscles pull on bones. Support: backbone is made of 24 bones called vertebrae. Backbone supports head and upper body Protection: bones of the skull protect the brain; ribs protect your heart and lungs Blood cell formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of some bones Storage: store minerals like calcium Besides supporting and protecting the body, the bones also store calcium and other minerals and make blood cells.

Bones for Support The inner cavity of your long bones contain yellow marrow and red marrow. Yellow marrow is a fatty tissue Red marrow produces red blood cells and most of the white blood cells in your blood Besides supporting and protecting the body, the bones also store calcium and other minerals and make blood cells.

Bones for Support Besides supporting and protecting the body, the bones also store calcium and other minerals and make blood cells.

The Skeletal System Cranium (skull) Clavicle (collarbone) Rib cage Cranium (skull) Cervical vertebrae (neck bones) Clavicle (collarbone) Scapula (shoulder blade) Sternum (breastbone) Tarsals (ankle) Metatarsals (foot) Femur (thighbone) Patella (kneecap) Tibia (shinbone) Fibula Humerus (upper arm) Ulna Radius Carpals (wrist) Metacarpals (hand) Phalanges (fingers and toes) Thoracic vertebrae (upper back) Lumbar vertebrae (lower back) Pelvis

The Skeletal System (cont’d.) The skeletal system has several types of joints. Some joints are immoveable, such as those in the skull. Others allow a wide range of movement.

The Skeletal System (cont’d.) Pivot Joint The end of the bone rotates inside a ring formed by another. The joint can move up and down and from side to side. One pivot joint is located between the first two vertebrae, connecting the head to the neck. Ex. b/w neck & head Gliding Joint One part of a bone glides over another bone, allowing a small range of sideways movement. The vertebrae in the back that protect the spinal cord are examples of gliding joints. Ex. Vertebrae, wrists, & ankles Ball-and-Socket Joint The ball-shaped head of one bone moves inside the cup-shaped socket of another. The joint can move in all directions. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. Ex. Hips and shoulders Hinge Joint This joint moves in only one direction, like a door hinge. The knee and elbow are hinge joints. Ex. Elbows and knees

Ball and Socket Joint Ball and socket joints move in all directions Held in place by ligaments Examples: hips and shoulders

Hinge Joint Move in only one direction Examples: elbows and knees

Gliding Joint Enable bones to slide over one another Examples: vertebrae, wrists, and ankles

Pivot Joint Move from side to side and up and down Examples: head and neck

Connective Tissue 3 Types of connecting tissues link bones to muscles so that the two can work together to move parts of the body. Each type has a specific function: Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear. When you were a baby, your skeleton was mostly cartilage. As you grew cartilage was replace by bone. Ligaments hold bones in place at the joints; for example, in the knee and ankle. Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone. An example of a tendon is the Achilles tendon, which attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone.

Caring for Your Skeletal System Keep the skeletal system healthy by following these tips: Participate in regular physical activity. Follow a nutritious eating plan. Practice good posture. Lift objects carefully. Treat injuries quickly. Explain the tips on the slide using the following points. Participate in regular physical activity. Exercises that build strength will make the bones and muscles stronger. Activities that build heart and lung endurance will strengthen the muscles in your heart and lungs. Exercises that increase flexibility will make it easier for you to move and can prevent some types of injuries. Follow a nutritious eating plan. Foods that are rich in vitamin D promote bone growth and strength. Carbohydrates will give your muscles energy, and foods high in protein will build muscle tissue. Practice good posture. Sit and stand in a correct but relaxed manner so that bones, joints, and muscles maintain proper alignment. Lift objects carefully. When lifting something heavy, keep your back straight and your knees bent. Treat injuries quickly. If you are injured, see a physician. Avoid putting stress on an injured body part.

Reviewing Terms and Facts List the three types of connecting tissue. Cartilage Ligaments Tendons Click to show the correct answer.

Reviewing Terms and Facts Explain how your skeletal and muscular systems work together. The skeletal system supports and protects the body. The muscular system is connected to the skeletal system and the muscles contract or extend to cause movement of the bones. Click to show the correct answer.

Thinking Critically Why do you think backaches may be caused by poor posture? Responses will vary. Accept all reasonable responses.

Vocabulary Review The skeletal system is the framework of bones and other tissues that supports the body. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review The muscular system consists of tissues that move parts of the body and operate internal organs. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review The place where two or more bones meet is called a joint. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review Cartilage allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissues, such as those in the nose and ear. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review A ligament holds bones in place at the joints. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.

Vocabulary Review Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone. Click the slide to go back to the Vocabulary Review home page.