Skeletal System FORM AND FUNCTION

Function  Support  Protection  Movement  Mineral Storage  Blood Production

Remember… Tissue Epithelial Simple and stratified Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth connective Bone Blood Cartilage Loose Adipose nervous neurons

Skeletal system: The Framework  Two basic parts –Cartilage  Cartilage graft –Bone

A: Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Flexible support Most abundant Nose Ribs Joint linings Elastic Cartilage More stretchy Ears Epiglottis Fibro-cartilage Very strong High stress areas Knee Vertebrae

B: Bones Spongy Bone: Strength and support Bone Marrow: Blood cell production Compact Bone: Protection Mineral storage

Bones – dead or alive? ALIVE!  Contain blood vessels, nerve cells, living bone cells  Hard non-living material include minerals and salts (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese)  Bones are growing and being replaced constantly

Types of Bone  Long - arm/leg bones (cylinders)  Flat - skull/ribs  Irregular - vertebrae/face  Short – bones in wrists/ankles

How do bones grow then?  cartilage plates called epiphyseal plates form new cells and increase the length of the bone shaft  The thickness of these plates decreases as the bone length increases and eventually process ends

C: Connections  Ligament: –Made of cartilage –Connects bone to bone  Tendon: –Made of cartilage –Connects muscle to bone

The real deal

Connections continued  Joints: –Places where two bones meet –6 types  Fixed  Hinge  Ball and socket  Gliding

Types of Joints-cont. -Saddle-Pivot

Saddle Joint  Wide range of movement  Concave and convex surfaces meet  Thumb joint

Pivot Joint  Allows semicircle motion by twisting against each other