SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS CHAPTER 36 SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS

SECTION 1 The Skeletal System

Key Concept Questions What are the functions of the skeletal system? What is the structure of a typical bone? What are the three different kinds of joints?

The skeletal system protects, supports, and moves the body.

Cartilage is connective tissue between bones. cushions bones allows for smooth movement connect two bones cartilage

Bones connect to form joints. Joints are places were two bones meet. There are three types of joints. fibrous, which does not allow for movement fibrous joint

cartilaginous, which allows partial movement cartillage

synovial, which allows for greater movement GLIDING JOINT PIVOT JOINT BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT SADDLE JOINT HINGE JOINT

Ligaments are long bands of tissue that connect bones across a joint.

Bones are living tissue. Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. Compact bone Spongy bone

Compact bone is hard and dense. Osteocytes (bone cells) maintain compact bone rings. Haversian canals allow blood vessels in the bone. osteocytes blood vessel Haversian canals

Spongy bone protects red or yellow bone marrow. Red bone marrow produces blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat. Periosteum A layer of connective tissue that covers bone Red bone marrow

Key Concept Questions What are the functions of the skeletal system? Protects Supports moves the body What is the structure of a typical bone? Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. What are the three different kinds of joints? Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

SECTION 2 The Muscular System

Key Concept Questions What are the three types of muscle tissue?

The muscular system moves substances throughout the body. bones of the skeletal system food through digestive system blood through circulatory system fluids through excretory system

There are three types of muscle tissue. skeletal muscle smooth muscle cardiac muscle SKELETAL MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE

Skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton by tendons. Tendons connect muscle to bone. Skeletal muscles are mostly voluntary. SKELETAL MUSCLE

Smooth muscle lines organs and is involuntary. move food through digestive organs empty liquid from the bladder control width of blood vessels Smooth muscle around this artery allows the artery to regulate blood flow by shrinking and expanding. SMOOTH MUSCLE

Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. pumps blood throughout body controlled by pacemaker contains more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells CARDIAC MUSCLE

Muscles contract when the nervous systems causes muscle filaments to move. Muscle fibers are cells of the muscular system. muscle fiber muscle neuromuscular junction neuron MUSCLE

Key Concept Questions What are the three types of muscle tissue? skeletal muscle smooth muscle cardiac muscle

SECTION 3 Integumentary System

Key Concept Question What are the functions of the integumentary system?

What are the functions of the integumentary system? The integumentary system serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, removes waste products from the body, and provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun

The integumentary system consists of many parts. skin hair nails oil glands sweat glands proteins, such as keratin

Integumentary system removes substances from the body. water salts urea pore sweat glands

The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. dead skin cells Oils pores epidermis pore

Cells in the epidermis produce keratin and melanin. Keratin makes cells waterproof and tough feeling. Melanin is a dark pigment that absorbs UV rays.

The dermis contains most of the tissues in the skin. sweat glands oil glands pressure receptors blood vessels hair follicles dermis hair follicle oil gland pressure receptors sweat gland

A hair follicle is pit of cells that produces hair. The dermis also produces elastin and collagen. Elastin makes skin flexible. Collagen gives skin its shape.

Beneath the dermis is a layer of fat. fat layer

Key Concept Question barrier against infection and injury What are the functions of the integumentary system? barrier against infection and injury regulate body temperature removes waste products from the body provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun