BCT 100 Overview of the Construction Industry

The ‘Players’ in Construction Ralph Leibing describes the ‘players’ as: The Owner and Representatives The Design Team The Contracting Team Regulatory Agencies Perhaps we should add: Suppliers/Manufacturers Real Estate Agents

The Owner Who are they? What is the role of the owner? What are the owner’s responsibilities?

The Owner Who is this guy and why is he here?

The Owner The Owner and Others Customer Client Developer User Occupants Lessee Renter Owner’s Representative Lender/Banker/Mortgage Company

Owner’s Responsibilities Totally responsible for financing, including, maintaining adequate funds in hand at all times Responsible for the program – what is this building going to do – what does it require – what use does it perform? Responsible for the land on which the building will be built, either through ownership or a lease Ultimately will be responsible for compliance with all building codes and regulations Responsible for approval of the design and appearance as produced by the Design Team, prior to beginning construction

Owner’s Responsibilities Financing, Financing, Financing

Owner’s Responsibilities Programmatic Needs

Owner’s Responsibilities Securing a Site for Construction

Owner’s Responsibilities Compliance with all building codes and regulations

Owner’s Responsibilities Sign off on all design stages: Approved by Owner

The Design Team Who are they? What is their role? What are the design team’s responsibilities?

The Design Team Design Professional Architect Engineer Designer Design Architect Principal Partner Sole Proprietor Drafter/CAD Operator Intern Specifications Writer Contract Administrator Project Architect Surveyor Consultant Lighting Consultant Landscape Architect Interior Designer Decorator Architect of Record

Design Team Responsibilities Ensure that the project conforms to all applicable codes, regulations, and laws Translate the requirements of the Owner into a set of drawings and specifications from which a constructor can erect a building Ensure that the construction team is conforming to the letter and spirit of the construction documents

Design Team Responsibilities Responsibilities during the design and documentation phase will include: Programming/ Accommodation Site Feasibility Design Concept Aesthetics/Appearance Project Documentation/Specification

The Architect Part Engineer, Part Artist Dependent upon expert ‘Consultants’ Usually several people in various roles Robie House, Frank Lloyd Wright, Architect

The Architect Guggenheim Museum. Bilbao, Spain Frank Gehry, Architect

The Architect Gehry on The Simpsons, with his inspiration for a new building, the trash

The Consultants Geotechnical Consultant Structural Engineer Mechanical Engineer Electrical Engineer Landscape Architect Lighting Consultant Acoustical Consultant Interior Designer Color Consultant Cost Estimator Expeditor

The Consultants Geotechnical Consultant Developing an understanding of our site’s soil structure and bearing capacity

The Consultants Structural Engineer Calculating the size of structural members, and how they will perform under potential loading

The Consultants Mechanical Engineer Calculating the size of the heating and air conditioning system and planning the distribution network.

The Consultants Electrical Engineer Calculating the size of our power requirements and coordinating those requirements with the Mechanical Engineer

The Consultants Landscape Architect Planning, Specifying and Overseeing the design and construction of soft and hard landscape material

The Consultants Lighting Consultant Analyzing the design for lighting requirements and energy demands, and designing unique solutions to lighting design problems

The Consultants Acoustical Consultant Specializing in the dynamic performance of sound in spaces, and the configurations and materials which optimize that performance

The Consultants Interior Designer / Interior Decorator Integrating interior finishes and materials of interior space into a clear overall vision or theme for the space

The Consultants Color Consultants

The Consultants Cost Estimator Conducting feasibility studies early on, and tracking costs for a variety of project options

The Consultants Expeditor In some markets, an expeditor is a paid consultant specializing in getting your plans approved by the Buildings Department. NYC for example.

The Contracting Team Who are they? What is their role? What are the contracting team’s responsibilities?

The General Contractor Responsible for all sub contracted work Often has own crew of carpenters to do framing on residential work, then subcontracts specialty items

The Contractor Constructor Project Manager Superintendent Foreperson Value Engineer Estimator Expeditor Construction Manager Sub-contractor Worker Laborer Tradesperson Journeyman Apprentice Technician Installer Job Clerk/Site Secretary Clerk of the Works

Contracting Team Responsibilities Construct the building as indicated in the construction documents and specification Responsible for the methods and means of construction Responsible for identifying all persons who will work on the project and in what capacity Responsible for all scheduling of people, materials, and processes Responsible for determining who will do what Responsible for assigning all costs associated with construction

The Sub-Contractors Plumber HVAC Installer Electrician Security Telephony/Data Audio/Visual Landscape Mason Cabinetmaker Wood Floors Windows and Doors Curtain Wall Conveying Systems Roofer Concrete

The Sub-Contractors Excavation Foundations May be independent or the same company

The Sub-Contractors Plumber Responsible for piping, including fresh water and waste water, as well as natural gas

The Sub-Contractors HVAC Installer Responsible for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Equipment installation and Ductwork Installation

The Sub-Contractors Electrician Responsible for installation of electrical system, hooking up electrical to mechanical and appliances General understanding of loading requirements

The Sub-Contractors Roofer Responsible for many types of roofing, flashing, and often gutters and downspouts

The Sub-Contractors Mason Installation of Brick, Stone, CMU blocks

The Sub-Contractors Tile Installer Installation of tile and stone finishes, floors, wall tile, mosaic

The Sub-Contractors Flooring Installer Installation of hardwood floors, sanding, finish

The Sub-Contractors Stone Countertop Fabrication Templating is done on site, fabrication takes place off site in a facility, then delivery and install

The Sub-Contractors Cabinetmaker Site Dimensions, Shop Drawings, Fabrication, Finishes and Samples, Installation

The Sub-Contractors Landscaping Contractor

Regulatory Agents Who are they? What is their role? What are the regulatory agencies’ responsibilities?

Regulatory Agency Responsibilities Law, regulation and code enforcement Coordinate regulatory response with other agencies, including: planning / land use / zoning, traffic and roads, sewer and water, life safety / fire, worker safety, utilities

Regulatory Agencies Building Inspector Building Commissioner Plans Examiner Various Inspectors – Framing, Plumbing, Electrical OSHA EPA Fire Inspector

Regulatory Agencies OSHA

Regulatory Agencies Fire Inspector

Regulatory Agencies EPA

Regulatory Agencies Maintaining a positive working relationship with the various representatives of the regulatory agencies you encounter is one of the primary responsibilities of the …… Owner, as required Architect, as required Contractor, as a matter of survival Your reputation is far and away your most important asset. Be A Professional.

Case Study in the Owner/ Architect Relationship: Salk Institute

Some projects are a reflection of an interested supportive, collaborative owner Salk Institute, Jonas Salk, Owner

Jonas Salk transformed modern life when he and his associates developed a vaccine for polio in Salk wanted to build a facility that would cure more diseases.

Jonas Salk gave his discovery to the world, for free. By 1963, eight years after it was developed, the number of annual cases of polio had dropped from over 45,000, to just over 900. It has now been eradicated in the United States, and is near eradication worldwide.

Dr. Jonas Salk and The March of Dimes, Client and Louis Kahn, Architect

“Science is as much about art and inspiration as it is about math and chemistry.” Jonas Salk, Owner

The Salk Institute was completed in The land was donated by the City of San Diego. The March of Dimes provided funding for the project.

Salk Institute. Jonas Salk, Owner