It’s time to Move It I Can… Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together so the body can move I Will… List the different types of skeletal joints and describe their range of motion Describe the structure of skeletal muscle Explain how skeletal muscle pulls on bones to produce movement List various types of movement

Skeletal joint – area where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement Classified by type and degree of movement Fibrous joints Immovable e.g. Teeth in jaw Cranial bones Cartilaginous joints Allow partial movement e.g. Disks between vertebrae Breastbone and ribs It’s time to Move It

It’s time to Move It Synovial joints Most movable Cushioned by cartilage Held together by ligament It’s time to Move It Gliding joints – allows flat surfaces to slide over each other. Ankle, Wrist

2. Pivot joints – allows flat surfaces to slide over each other. Two bones turn on each other allow rotation It’s time to Move It Saddle joints – Allows bone to move front to back and left to right. a) Thumb

It’s time to Move It Hinge joints – Allows bone to move in one direction back and forth Knee, elbow It’s time to Move It Ball-and-socket joints – Allows bone to move most freely; front and back, side to side and circumduction (circle). a) Shoulder, Hip

Muscle tissue contracts in order to produce movement Skeletal muscle – One of three types of muscle in the body Attached to bones  650 muscles in a human Primarily voluntary control (somatic nervous system) Striated (dark bands) Many nuclei Many mitochondria Attached by tendons Muscle fibers are individually wrapped It’s time to Move It

Myofibril- long strands of protein within a muscle fiber It’s time to Move It Sarcomere- section of a myofibril that contains filaments

It’s time to Move It Actin- thin filament Myosin- thick filament Muscle contract by myosin pulling on actin fibers and bringing them closer to the center of the sarcomere

Skeletal muscles cause movement by pulling on the bone they are attached to. It’s time to Move It Origin – an attachment site for a less movable bone Insertion – an attachment site for a more moveable bone Movement usually produced by a group of muscles Prime mover – muscle responsible for most of the movement Synergists – muscles that help the prime mover by stabilizing joints Antagonist (agonist) – produces movement opposite to prime mover Relaxes when prime mover contracts

It’s time to Move It Flexion – bending a body part Extension – straightening a body part Hyperextension – extending a body part past the normal anatomical position It’s time to Move It

Abduction – moving a body part away from the anatomical position Adduction – moving a body part toward the anatomical position Circumduction – moving a body part in a circle It’s time to Move It

It’s time to Move It Pronation – turning the palm of the hand down Supination – turning the palm of the hand up It’s time to Move It

It’s time to Move It Other types of muscle tissue: Cardiac Found in the heart Similar to skeletal, BUT… Under involuntary control Single or multinucleated branching cells Connected end to end (not individually wrapped) Many nuclei More mitochondria than skeletal

It’s time to Move It Other types of muscle tissue: Smooth Found in internal organs Under involuntary control Slow rhythmic contractions Spindle-shaped (Wide middle, tapered ends) Single nucleus

It’s time to Move It

Use the terms you learned about muscle movement to fill-in the blanks below It’s time to Move It When a body builder does a bicep curl, as in figure A, the biceps muscle is known as the ______________ and the triceps muscle is the _______________. This movement of bending the arm is known as ____________. In figure B the biceps relaxes and the triceps contracts and the arm straightens out; this movement is known as _______________. Figure A Figure B