Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents 73 74 Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents 10/22/2014 10/22/2014 Application/Connection: Activity: Graphing Winds Starter: What do you know about conduction, convection, and radiation?. Practice : Notes over Wind and climate Exit: How would the climate in Texas change if a cold-water surface current did not run along Texas’ coast? The climate would remain the same. The climate would become warmer. The climate would become cooler. The climate in Texas is not affected by surface currents.

1 Starter 2. Practice 3. Notes 4. Ws 5. Exit TURN IN HW !!! Crossword Heat Energy Papers October 22, 2014 AGENDA Objectives 8.10 A: Recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents by completing notes and an activity

Table of Contents Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 10/16 Unit 5 vocabulary 65-66 10/17 Quiz/Writing 67-68 10/20 Weathering Notes 69-70 10/21 Weathering Lab 71-72 10/22 Climate, Wind and Ocean Currents 73-74

Climate, Wind and Ocean Currents

Climate It is the long-term weather of that area (at least 30 years). Two of the most important factors determining an area's climate are air temperature and precipitation. World biomes are controlled by climate.

Factors that affect Temperature The temperature of a climate are determined by 3 natural factors: 1. latitude: a measure of the distance north and south of the equator 2. elevation: distance above sea level 3. ocean currents: a “river” of water that flows in a definite path in the ocean.

Factors that affect Precipitation Two natural factors affect precipitation at a particular location: 1. Prevailing winds: (which will be mentioned later) 2. Mountain ranges: Acts as a barrier against prevailing winds Will determine the amount of precipitation an area will get

side of mountain facing wind: Windward side: windward side of mountain facing wind: receives moisture with lots of precipitation because air comes from ocean.

Leeward side Leeward side away from the wind receives very little precipitation because air comes from land

Winds caused by differences in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere formed by the movement of air from one place to another. Two types of winds occur in the atmosphere Local Global

Local Winds Blow from any direction and usually cover short distances. Two types: Sea breeze: a flow of air from the sea to the land Cool air rises, warmer air moves in to take its place Occurs during the day Land breeze: a flow of air from land to sea Warm air rises, cooler air moves in to take its place Occurs at night

Stronger global winds: Prevailing westerlies: 40° to 60° latitude in the north and south hemisphere; strong winds Trade winds: 30° north and south of the equator; warm air rising from the equator cools and begins to sink; sky is clear

Weaker global winds: Doldrums: Polar easterlies: 50° to 90° latitude in both hemispheres; cold weak winds Doldrums: 5° to 0° latitude in the north and south hemisphere very near the equator, an area with no wind or light variable winds

Coriolis Effect is the curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the Earth’s rotation. this causes all the global winds to blow either to the right or the left as they blow In the North, winds blow to the right. In the South, the blow is to the left.

Ocean Currents Are influenced by weather, Earth’s rotation, and the position of the continents. Two types of currents that occur in the ocean: Surface deep

Surface Currents Are stream-like movements that occur at or near the surface of the ocean These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. These waters are the upper 400 meters of the ocean.

Deep Currents Are stream-like movements of ocean water far below the surface. These waters make up the other 90% of the ocean These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase. Factors that combine to affect the density are: temperature salinity

How would the climate in Texas change if a cold-water surface current did not run along Texas’ coast? The climate would remain the same. The climate would become warmer. The climate would become cooler. The climate in Texas is not affected by surface currents.

Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents 73 74 Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents Wind, Climate, and Ocean Currents 10/22/2014 10/22/2014 Application/Connection: Activity: Graphing Winds Starter: What do you know about conduction, convection, and radiation?. Practice : Notes over Wind and climate Exit: How would the climate in Texas change if a cold-water surface current did not run along Texas’ coast? The climate would remain the same. The climate would become warmer. The climate would become cooler. The climate in Texas is not affected by surface currents.