Unit 2:Plants

Essential Questions How do plants obtain water and nutrients needed for survival? How do plants obtain water and nutrients needed for survival? How do plants minimize water loss through their leaves? How do plants minimize water loss through their leaves? What is photosynthesis and how is it accomplished? What is photosynthesis and how is it accomplished? What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Day 1: Mineral and Water Uptake by Plants Required Readings: Required Readings: 2.22, , 2.27 Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: To know that plants require minerals and what their functions are To know that plants require minerals and what their functions are To understand that water can enter and leave cells by osmosis To understand that water can enter and leave cells by osmosis To understand that dissolved substances may enter and leave cells by diffusion and active transport To understand that dissolved substances may enter and leave cells by diffusion and active transport

Starter Read the “Mineral Nutrients” information Read the “Mineral Nutrients” information Choose 5 minerals and explain why they are important for plant growth and development. Choose 5 minerals and explain why they are important for plant growth and development. Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 Design an experiment that would test how different mineral deficiencies affect the growth of a plant Design an experiment that would test how different mineral deficiencies affect the growth of a plant Include: Include: Question – what are you testing? Question – what are you testing? Variables & control Variables & control Method and materials Method and materials Expected outcomes Expected outcomes Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2 How do fertilizers have a negative effect on the environment? How do fertilizers have a negative effect on the environment? Research the various ways that fertilizers can be harmful to the environment and the other organisms that can be effected (with a partner). Research the various ways that fertilizers can be harmful to the environment and the other organisms that can be effected (with a partner). Write a 1-2 page paper on the harms fertilizers can cause Write a 1-2 page paper on the harms fertilizers can cause Due: September 24 Due: September 24 Time: 30 minutes Time: 30 minutes

Activity 3 Draw a picture (on paper provided) to show how water and minerals (ions) are taken into a plant. Draw a picture (on paper provided) to show how water and minerals (ions) are taken into a plant. Include: Include: What processes are occurring? (What mode of transport? There are 3 different ones occurring.) What processes are occurring? (What mode of transport? There are 3 different ones occurring.) The structures needed in order for this to happen The structures needed in order for this to happen How does the shape of these structures allow the transport of water to occur? How does the shape of these structures allow the transport of water to occur? Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Closing and Homework Discuss the following questions: Discuss the following questions: Why would farmers drain fields that are susceptible to flooding? Why would farmers drain fields that are susceptible to flooding? Why would farmers cover their fields with black polythene? Why would they not cover it with white polythene? Why would farmers cover their fields with black polythene? Why would they not cover it with white polythene? Homework: Homework: Fertilizer paper (September 24) Fertilizer paper (September 24)

Day 2 Required Readings: Required Readings: Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: To appreciate that water and dissolved substances are transported around the plant in specialized transport tissues To appreciate that water and dissolved substances are transported around the plant in specialized transport tissues

Starter Look at the microscope drawings in the back Look at the microscope drawings in the back Draw a picture of what you see Draw a picture of what you see Compare and contrast the different slides Compare and contrast the different slides How do these structures accomplish water and mineral transport? How do these structures accomplish water and mineral transport? Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Activity 1 Create a slide of a piece of celery to view under the microscope Create a slide of a piece of celery to view under the microscope The celery needs to be thinly sliced The celery needs to be thinly sliced Draw a diagram of what you see Draw a diagram of what you see Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2 Look at the picture of the potato plant. Look at the picture of the potato plant. What is a source and what is a sink in plants? What is a source and what is a sink in plants? How can a potato be both? How can a potato be both? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 3 Create a concept map to show how various materials are transported from the roots to the leaves of a plant. Create a concept map to show how various materials are transported from the roots to the leaves of a plant. You may include diagrams/pictures as well You may include diagrams/pictures as well Time: 25 minutes Time: 25 minutes

Closing and Homework Discuss the following questions: Discuss the following questions: What are the two vascular tissues in flowering plants and what is their job? What are the two vascular tissues in flowering plants and what is their job? Why does the direction of sugar transport vary from season to season? Why does the direction of sugar transport vary from season to season? Why must sugar be transported to sinks? Why must sugar be transported to sinks? Homework: Homework: Fertilizer paper (September 24) Fertilizer paper (September 24)

Day 3: Transpiration Required Readings: Required Readings: 2.29 Transpiration: Water Movement Through the Plant 2.29 Transpiration: Water Movement Through the Plant Questions from wiki Questions from wiki Learning Objectives Learning Objectives To recall that water movement through a plant begins with water loss from the leaves To recall that water movement through a plant begins with water loss from the leaves To understand that water is lost from leaves via the stomata, through which the exchange of gases occurs To understand that water is lost from leaves via the stomata, through which the exchange of gases occurs To understand how environmental conditions can affect water movement through plants To understand how environmental conditions can affect water movement through plants

Starter Draw a picture that shows the following water flow in a plant: Draw a picture that shows the following water flow in a plant: Where is water lost from? Where is water lost from? Where and how does water uptake occur? Where and how does water uptake occur? What structure does water flow up the plant in? What structure does water flow up the plant in? What causes water to move up the stem of the plant? What causes water to move up the stem of the plant? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 Brainstorm with your group the various conditions (environmental and physical) that affect the rate of transpiration in plants. Brainstorm with your group the various conditions (environmental and physical) that affect the rate of transpiration in plants. From these different conditions, rank them in order of highest transpiration to lowest transpiration. From these different conditions, rank them in order of highest transpiration to lowest transpiration. Time 10 minutes Time 10 minutes

Activity 2 Move and sit with your lab group Move and sit with your lab group Together choose one of the environmental factors (humidity, light intensity, wind, temperature) to test Together choose one of the environmental factors (humidity, light intensity, wind, temperature) to test Using the “Measuring Transpiration” sheet, devise a plan for how you will test your factor Using the “Measuring Transpiration” sheet, devise a plan for how you will test your factor Remember you will need 3 plants to test: 1 control and 2 in extremes Remember you will need 3 plants to test: 1 control and 2 in extremes What are you going to measure (what data will you collect?)? What are you going to measure (what data will you collect?)? Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Activity 3 Carry out the investigation, we will make a change to the set up (as per previous diagram) Carry out the investigation, we will make a change to the set up (as per previous diagram) Give yourself 15 minutes to set up and 20 minutes to record data Give yourself 15 minutes to set up and 20 minutes to record data You need to create a table to record your data You need to create a table to record your data Time: 35 minutes Time: 35 minutes

Closing Activity Sit with 2-3 other people who are not in your lab group and discuss your results Sit with 2-3 other people who are not in your lab group and discuss your results Questions: Questions: How did your results compare to your expected outcomes? How did your results compare to your expected outcomes? Do you think the results would be different if you used different plants? How so? Do you think the results would be different if you used different plants? How so? What structure(s) is/are responsible for water loss in a plant? What structure(s) is/are responsible for water loss in a plant? Time: 10 minutes Time: 10 minutes

Homework Reading for section 2.30 Reading for section 2.30 Completed plan for your investigation done today. To be included: Completed plan for your investigation done today. To be included: Aim/Objective of lab Aim/Objective of lab What variable you tested and how you changed it What variable you tested and how you changed it What was controlled What was controlled What materials you needed What materials you needed Procedure Procedure Due: Tuesday, October 2 Due: Tuesday, October 2

Day 4 (60 minutes) Required Readings: Required Readings: 2.30: The Leaf and Water Loss 2.30: The Leaf and Water Loss Questions from wiki Questions from wiki Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: To understand that stomata are opened to allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf, and that this allows water vapor to diffuse out of the leaf To understand that stomata are opened to allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf, and that this allows water vapor to diffuse out of the leaf To describe adaptations of leaves to reduce water losses To describe adaptations of leaves to reduce water losses

Starter Draw a picture of a stoma when it is open and closed. Draw a picture of a stoma when it is open and closed. In what conditions is a stoma closed? In what conditions is a stoma closed? When does a stoma open? When does a stoma open? Where are stomata usually located? Where are stomata usually located? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 Obtain 2 leaf samples from outside from 2 different plants Obtain 2 leaf samples from outside from 2 different plants Using the “Stomata Lab” handout, complete the procedure Using the “Stomata Lab” handout, complete the procedure Draw the 2 pictures of the stomata on the different leaves Draw the 2 pictures of the stomata on the different leaves Time: 30 minutes Time: 30 minutes

Closing & Homework Complete the discussion questions on the “Stomata Lab” handout Complete the discussion questions on the “Stomata Lab” handout Due: Friday, September 28 Due: Friday, September 28 Transpiration Lab: October 2 Transpiration Lab: October 2

Day 5 Required Readings: Required Readings: 2.17: Photosynthesis and Plant Nutrition 2.17: Photosynthesis and Plant Nutrition Learning Objectives: Learning Objectives: To understand that plants, like all living organisms, must receive nourishment To understand that plants, like all living organisms, must receive nourishment To know the basic definition for photosynthesis To know the basic definition for photosynthesis To know word and symbol equations for photosynthesis To know word and symbol equations for photosynthesis To remember that a plant body has organs that are well suited to carry out particular functions To remember that a plant body has organs that are well suited to carry out particular functions

Starter If plants make energy in the form of sugar, why do they need to store it? If plants make energy in the form of sugar, why do they need to store it? What do plants need energy for? What do plants need energy for? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 What is photosynthesis and where does it occur? What is photosynthesis and where does it occur? Write a word and symbol equation for photosynthesis Write a word and symbol equation for photosynthesis Time: 10 minutes Time: 10 minutes

Activity 2 Look at the graph on the next slide. Look at the graph on the next slide. What do you think it is representing? What do you think it is representing? Chloroplasts are green because of the pigment chlorophyll. At what colour of light do you think plants absorb light best in? What colour of light are plants not effective at absorbing light in? Chloroplasts are green because of the pigment chlorophyll. At what colour of light do you think plants absorb light best in? What colour of light are plants not effective at absorbing light in? Would this change if a leaf had a different colour? Would this change if a leaf had a different colour? Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

Activity 3 Photosynthesis has 2 stages: Photosynthesis has 2 stages: Light dependent Light dependent Light independent Light independent Use the picture on the following slide to figure out which reactants are used for each stage, and what is produced in each stage. Use the picture on the following slide to figure out which reactants are used for each stage, and what is produced in each stage. What would happen if there was no light available? What would happen if there was no light available? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Activity 4 What are the four macromolecules present in living organisms? What are the four macromolecules present in living organisms? What do plants need these four macromolecules for? What do plants need these four macromolecules for? How are the macromolecules synthesized from the products of photosynthesis? How are the macromolecules synthesized from the products of photosynthesis? Time: 15 minutes Time: 15 minutes

Closing and Homework You may use this time to work on your lab plan for the transpiration lab You may use this time to work on your lab plan for the transpiration lab You may use this time to get caught up on any missing work or re-do any assignments You may use this time to get caught up on any missing work or re-do any assignments You may use this time to make your test corrections You may use this time to make your test corrections