What Causes the Wind? Newton’s Second Law F = ma.

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Presentation transcript:

What Causes the Wind? Newton’s Second Law F = ma

Forces Involved Pressure Gradient Force Friction (2 types for fluids) – Molecular viscosity (random motion of molecules) – Eddy viscosity Mechanical turbulence Thermal turbulence Coriolis Effect – arises from rotating reference frame (important over long distances) Centripetal Force – for curved motion Gravity – only in vertical direction

Pressure Gradient Force

Friction Force Mechanical ViscosityThermal Viscosity Friction always opposes the motion Above 1 km the frictional forces are zero wind direction

Coriolis Effect

Hydrostatic Equilibrium

Geostrophic Wind (no friction)

Gradient Wind (no friction)

Surface Wind (friction) (vectors)

Friction Decreases with Height