The Effects of High Capacity Vacuum Induction Sodium Hypochlorite Feed on Chloramine Development SureWater Technologies, Inc. Winter Garden, Florida

SureWater Tech: WAHC Peter Alexander Robert T. Burrows Wolfram Hartwig Presented by Wolfram Hartwig World Aquatic Health Conference City of Industry, CA September 2005

SureWater Tech: WAHC Process Schematic

SureWater Tech: WAHC Advantages (1)  Providing superior, immediate mixing of the hypochlorous acid (from NaOCl)  Vacuum induction using a venturi  No accidental chlorine injection while filtration pump is off (siphoning)  Immediate destruction of chloramines  Maintaining continuous breakpoint chlorination

SureWater Tech: WAHC Advantages (2)  High feed capability, up to 1700 gpd  Breakpoint chlorination requirement eliminated  Chloramine levels lowered significantly  Simple rate adjustment by flow control (vs. stroke and speed in metering pumps)  Significant (up to 40 %) savings in chlorine consumption  Improved water and air quality

SureWater Tech: WAHC Advantages (3)  Safe operation – vacuum, not pressure injection  No priming required  No parts replacement/labor associated with metering pumps  Virtually maintenance free – outstanding durability (rated at 1 million cycles)  NSF – 50 / ANSI certified

SureWater Tech: WAHC Measurements  Measurements at two sites: Montgomery Aquatic Center, MD Montgomery Aquatic Center, MD Prince Georges Community College, MD Prince Georges Community College, MD  2004 data prior to installation  2005 data post installation  2005 measurements: 3 months at PGCC (2 months w. venturi) 3 months at PGCC (2 months w. venturi) 4 months at MAC (3 months w. venturi) 4 months at MAC (3 months w. venturi)  Measurements taken during peak usage

SureWater Tech: WAHC Data, PGCC  Free chlorine and pH measured daily  Combined chlorine measured twice/week  Breakpoint chlorination required on average every 2 – 3 weeks  Average combined chlorine over 4 months period: 0.72 mg/L (ppm)

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC Graph for FC/CC

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC Graph for FC/CC

SureWater Tech: WAHC Data, PGCC  3 daily measurements of chlorine, pH and combined chlorine  No breakpoint chlorination required  Average daily combined chlorine during measurement period: am: 0.24 noon: 0.28 pm: 0.34 mg/L (ppm) am: 0.24 noon: 0.28 pm: 0.34 mg/L (ppm)  Overall daily average: 0.29 mg/L (ppm)  [2004 average: 0.72 mg/L]

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC 2005: FC 3x/d

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC 2005: FC 3x/d

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC 2005: CC 3x/d

SureWater Tech: WAHC PGCC 2005: CC 3x/d

SureWater Tech: WAHC Montgomery Aquatic Center  MAC data similar to the PGCC data for 2004 and 2005  2004: Breakpoint chlorination every 2 weeks  2005: No breakpoint chlorination required

SureWater Tech: WAHC Henderson, NV

SureWater Tech: WAHC Orlando, FL

SureWater Tech: WAHC Ft. Pierce, FL

SureWater Tech: WAHC Largo, MD

SureWater Tech: WAHC Bethesda, MD

SureWater Tech: WAHC Conclusion  The measurements show a distinct reduction in combined chlorine levels  The need for breakpoint chlorination has been eliminated  The absence of injection/metering pumps (diaphragm or peristaltic) lowers maintenance requirements and costs

SureWater Tech: WAHC Acknowledgements SureWater Technologies wishes to express gratitude and appreciation to Joan Shea and the staff of the Prince Georges Community College and to Doug Fox and the staff of the Montgomery Aquatics Center for their cooperation and diligent work. Special thanks to Charles Harper and his staff for their support. Peter Alexander Robert Burrows Wolfram Hartwig