Agenda 1.Do Now 2.Go Over Homework 3.Notes 4.Technologies of the War Actity

Do Now: Compromise is sometimes necessary in preventing conflict and violence. When does compromise work, why? When does it not work, why?

The War Begins September 23, 2014 Ms. Costas

North vs. South North ● Small farms ● Factory jobs ● Big cities ● Population fueled by large number of immigrants ● Advanced transportation ● Predominantly Whig/Republican party ● Larger population South ● Large plantations ● Economy based in agriculture ● Sparsely populated towns and plantations ● Population includes slaves ● Lack of railroads ● Predominantly Democratic ● Smaller population

● Missouri Compromise o Missouri can enter as a slave state, Maine as a free state  creates Mason-Dixon Line ● Compromise of 1850 o California admitted as a free state o South has more effective fugitive slave laws o New Mexico and Utah can vote to be free or slave states ● Kansas-Nebraska Act o Allowed popular sovereignty in both states o Goes against Missouri Compromise  both states are north of the slavery border o Led to violence  Known as Bleeding Kansas Slavery & Compromise

Dred Scott ● Decisive Supreme Court Case o Filed by Dred Scott ● Slave who was taken by his owner to free states o Wisconsin o Illinois ● Living in a free state equals freedom ● He lost the case o was not and is not a citizen o cannot sue ● Being in free territory does not make you free

Lincoln as President ● Wins 1860 election o No electoral college votes from the south o Less than half the popular vote ● Personally against slavery ● Goal is to hold together the failing Union ● He was hated by most southerners

Excerpt, First Inaugural Address President Abraham Lincoln, March 4, 1861 “Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the accession of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection. …. I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. …there needs to be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the Government….. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection….

Secession ● After Lincoln’s election the south becomes more hostile ● 11 states secede from the Union o Secede = to leave or break from  South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi (7 states of the deep south)  Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee (4 states that seceded after Battle of Fort Sumter) ● Form Confederacy o Also known as Confederate States of America o Makes own government  like Union except slavery is legal o Jefferson Davis elected president

Union vs. Confederate Forces ● Confederacy starts seizing Union ports in the south o Fort Sumter - remained in Union hands, most important o Fell to the south  United the north ● West Virginia forms as free state o Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri  slave states but stay in the Union ● First bloodshed on the battlefield occurred at Bull Run o Confederates win led by Stonewall Jackson  many think the war is over ● Confederates under Robert E. Lee ● Union pursues Lee at Antietam o single bloodiest battle of the war

The Politics of War ● Britain remains neutral o Needs wheat and grain from north o Wants cotton from the south ● Lincoln believes the federal government is powerless in deciding the legality of slavery ● Lincoln can emancipate slaves as a war tactic o January 1, Issues Emancipation Proclamation

Life During Wartime ● Large numbers of deaths lead to conscription o Conscription → draft that forces men into the army  Often led to draft riots ● African Americans are allowed to fight for freedom ● Women’s roles in the war o 3,000 women served as army nurses  Clara Barton forms American Red Cross ● Impacts the economies o expands the northern economy o destroys the southern economy