A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 8 Understanding and Installing Hard Drives

2 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition You Will Learn… About hard drive technologies How a computer communicates with hard drive firmware How a hard drive is logically organized to hold data How to install a hard drive How to solve hard drive installation problems

3 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hard Drive Technologies Used by hard drive to interface with the system Used within hard drive to read and write data to the drive

4 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hard Drive Subsystem

5 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Types of Hard Drive Interfaces EIDE (Enhanced IDE) interface standards used by most hard drives Other interface standards

6 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition EIDE Interface Standards Specify data transfer speed more than any other factor Considerations when selecting a standard  Use fastest standard appropriate for range of the system and size of the drive  Must be supported by the OS, system BIOS on motherboard, and firmware on the drive Ultra ATA/100: most popular

7 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition ANSI Interface Standards

8 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition EIDE Interface Standards ( continued ) Modes of transferring data between hard drive and memory  DMA transfer mode  PIO transfer mode IDE cabling methods  Parallel ATA (PATA) technology  Serial ATA (SATA) technology

9 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition IDE Cabling Methods

10 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition IDE Cabling Methods ( continued )

11 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition IDE Cabling Methods ( continued )

12 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition EIDE Interface Standards ( continued ) Independent device timing Drives larger than 137GB

13 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Configuring EIDE Drives EIDE standards support two IDE connections, a primary and a secondary Each connection can support up to two IDE devices for a total of four devices on a system  Primary IDE channel, master device  Primary IDE channel, slave device  Secondary IDE channel, master device  Secondary IDE channel, slave device

14 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Configuring EIDE Drives ( continued )

15 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Other Interface Standards SCSI (small computer system interface) USB IEEE 1394 Fibre Channel

16 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How Hard Drives Work

17 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How Hard Drives Work ( continued )

18 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Tracks and Sectors on the Drive

19 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Tracks and Sectors on the Drive ( continued )

20 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Low-Level Formatting Occurs at the factory Process of writing sector and track markings on the disk Expected to last for the life of the drive

21 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Considerations When Purchasing a Hard Drive Capacity Spindle speed Technology standard Cache or buffer size Average seek time Match drive to motherboard

22 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Communicating with the Hard Drive Controller

23 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Calculating Drive Capacity on Older Drives For drives less than 8.4 GB  Determined by number of heads, tracks, and sectors on the disk, each sector holding 512 bytes of data

24 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hard Drive Size Limitations Operating systemMaximum size supported DOS and Windows 9x FAT162.1 GB; cannot be used on hard drives that exceed 8.4 GB Windows NT/2000/XP FAT164 GB Windows 2000/XP FAT3232 GB Windows 9x FAT32137 GB Windows 2000/XP with Service Pack Larger than 137 GB

25 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Methods of Retaining Backward Compatibility CHS mode or normal mode (for drives less than 528 MB) Large mode or ECHS mode (for drives between 504 MB and 8.4 GB) LBA mode (for drives larger than 504 MB) 33.8 GB limitation and 137 GB limitation Device drivers

26 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How a Hard Drive Is Logically Organized to Hold Data Steps for preparing a hard drive to hold files  Low-level format (usually done at the factory)  Partitioning the hard drive  High-level format

27 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hard Drive Partitions and Logical Drives Active partition Primary partition Extended partition Logical partition

28 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Partitions and Logical Drives

29 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hard Drive Partition Table

30 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Choice of File Systems FAT16  Supported by all Windows systems FAT32 (and VFAT)  Supported by Windows 95 Second Edition, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP NTFS  Supported by Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP Each logical drive has its own file system

31 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How Many Logical Drives?

32 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition When to Partition a Drive First install a new hard drive Existing drive is giving errors Suspect a virus has attacked the drive Want to wipe a hard drive clean and install a new OS

33 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Hard Drive 1.Set jumpers or DIP switches; physically install drive; attach power cord and data cable 2.Inform CMOS of new drive 3.If installing an OS on the drive, boot from OS setup CD (and skip next two steps) 4.If drive is not intended to hold an OS, use Fdisk or Disk Management to create partition(s) and divide extended partition into logical drives 5.For second drive, use Format command or Disk Management to high-level format each logical drive

34 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Prepare for Installation Read documentation Plan drive configuration Prepare work area and take precautions

35 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Jumper Settings

36 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Jumper Settings ( continued )

37 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Jumper Settings ( continued )

38 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay

39 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

40 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

41 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

42 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

43 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

44 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

45 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Mounting the Drive in the Bay ( continued )

46 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition If the Bay Is Too Large

47 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Use CMOS to Change Hard Drive Settings

48 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup for Large-Capacity Hard Drives

49 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup for Large-Capacity Hard Drives ( continued )

50 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup for Large-Capacity Hard Drives ( continued )

51 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Fdisk to Partition a Drive

52 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Fdisk to Partition a Drive ( continued )

53 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Fdisk to Partition a Drive ( continued )

54 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Format Each Logical Drive After using Fdisk, you must reboot the PC before you format the drive Commands used to format logical drives C, D, and E:  Format C:/S  Format D:  Format E:

55 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Using Windows to Partition and Format a New Drive Boot from Window setup CD  Follow on-screen directions to install Windows on new drive The setup process partitions and formats new drive before it begins Windows installation

56 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Troubleshooting Hard Drive Installations Check CMOS setup to verify that system BIOS recognizes large drives Verify status of Fdisk Verify that Format C:/S was done Check configuration of CMOS setup Confirm setting of DIP switches or jumpers Check connection of power cord and data cable Refer to Web site of manufacturer for suggestions

57 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Summary Introduction to hard drive technology How a hard drive is logically organized Physical characteristics of a hard drive How the OS and system BIOS communicate with the hard drive How to install a hard drive Troubleshooting hard drive installation problems