INDOOR AIR QUALITY PRESENTED BY KENNETH F. ROBERTS, CIH, CSP

UNDERSTANDING IAQ u HEALTH EFFECTS u CAUSATIVE AGENTS u SOURCES u CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u LEGISLATION

HEALTH EFFECTS

SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) VS BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

HEALTH EFFECTS u SICK BUILDING SYNDROME  A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20%  CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE  COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING BUILDING

HEALTH EFFECTS u SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)  EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION  HEADACHES  FATIGUE  REDUCED MENTATION  IRRITABILITY

HEALTH EFFECTS u SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS)  DRY SKIN  NASAL CONGESTION  DIFFICULTY BREATHING  NOSE BLEEDS  NAUSEA

HEALTH EFFECTS u BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS  CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE  EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS  RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

HEALTH EFFECTS u BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)  PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp.  LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE  HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS  HUMIDIFIER FEVER

HEALTH EFFECTS u BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)  ASTHMA  ALLERGY  RESPIRATORY DISEASE n CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

CAUSATIVE AGENTS

u INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES  COMBUSTION PRODUCTS  VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES  RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES  RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS  BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS  RADIONUCLIDES  ODORS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u COMBUSTION PRODUCTS  CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)  OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NO X )  OXIDES OF SULFUR (SO X )  CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 )  POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH)  TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS  ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL  ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE  ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE  AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC  ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE  HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCE

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES  ASBESTOS n CHRYSOTILE n AMOSITE n CROCIDOLITE  FIBERGLASS  INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES  METALLIC DUSTS n LEAD  ORGANIC DUSTS  PAPER DUSTS  POLLEN

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS  WATER VAPOR  CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 )  ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS  TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS  MOLDS & FUNGI  BACTERIA  PROTOZOA  VIRUSES

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u RADIONUCLIDES  RADON  RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

CAUSATIVE AGENTS u ODORS  ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPE n INDEPENDENTLY n IN COMBINATION

SOURCES

SOURCES u COMBUSTION PRODUCTS  KEROSENE HEATERS  LOADING DOCKS  WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES  NEARBY TRAFFIC

SOURCES u VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES  ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS  CARPETING & DRAPERY  PARTICLE BOARD

SOURCES u VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES  FLOOR & WALL COVERINGS  PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS  UPHOLSTERY

SOURCES u RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES  ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS)  CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS  OUTDOOR AIR  PLANTS & PLANT PARTS  PRODUCTION PROCESSES

SOURCES u PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE 4-AMINOBIPHENYLNICKEL ANATABINENICOTINE ANILINEPHENOL BENZ[A]ANTHRACENEPOLONIUM-210 BENZ[A]PYRENEQUINOLINE BENZOIC ACIDSUCCINIC ACID BUTYROLACTONE2-TOLUIDINE NITROSODIETHANOLAMINECADMIUM

SOURCES u VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE HYDROGEN CYANIDEACETALDEHYDE ACETONEACROLEIN 1,3-BUTADIENEBENZENE CARBON MONOXIDEFORMALDEHYDE DIMETHYLAMINEHYDRAZINE CARBONYL SULFIDEETHANE METHYL CHLORIDEPYRIDINE AMMONIAFORMIC ACID

SOURCES u RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS  PEOPLE  PLANTS

SOURCES u BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS  HVAC SYSTEMS  COOLING TOWERS  HUMANS/ANIMALS  STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS  HUMIDIFIERS

SOURCES u RADIONUCLIDES (RADON Rn)  SOIL  WATER  BUILDING MATERIALS  NATURAL GAS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

u PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS  SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING  EQUIPMENT  HUMAN ACTIVITIES  BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS  OTHER SOURCES  VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS  OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING  CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR n POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI n INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS n GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING  EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES n PARKING LOTS/GARAGES n LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS n RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST n LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING  SOIL GAS n RADON n UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING) n LANDFILL n PESTICIDE APPLICATION

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING  STANDING WATER n ROOFTOPS n CRAWLSPACES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u EQUIPMENT  HVAC SYSTEM n DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS n GROWTH IN DRIP PANS n IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES n IMPROPER VENTING

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u EQUIPMENT  NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT n EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT n SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.) n EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING n OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u HUMAN ACTIVITIES  PERSONAL ACTIVIITES n SMOKING n COOKING n PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS) n COSMETIC ODORS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u HUMAN ACTIVITIES  HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES n CLEANING MATERIALS n CLEANING PROCEDURES n STORED SUPPLIES & TRASH n DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u HUMAN ACTIVITIES  MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES n COOLING TOWERS n PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC. n PEST CONTROL n STORED SUPPLIES

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS  LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST  DAMAGED MATERIALS  UNSANITARY CONDITIONS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS  WATER DAMAGE  DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS  CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER SOURCES  ACCIDENTAL EVENTS n SPILLS n FLOODING n FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER SOURCES  SPECIAL USE AREAS n SMOKING LOUNGES n LABORATORIES n PRINT SHOPS n ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER SOURCES  SPECIAL USE AREAS n EXERCISE ROOMS n BEAUTY SALONS n FOOD PREPARATION AREAS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER SOURCES  REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR n NEW FURNISHINGS n DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION n ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.) n MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS  ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE ) n TEMPERATURE n RELATIVE HUMIDITY n MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS n CO 2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS  ENGINEERING CONTROLS n MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM n MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS n FILTERS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS  ENGINEERING CONTROLS n PRECIPITATORS n ION GENERATORS n HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER CONSIDERATIONS  POPULATION DENSITY  LIGHTING  NOISE  ERGONOMICS

CONTROL METHODOLOGIES u OTHER CONSIDERATIONS  MANAGEMENT STYLES  MONITORED WORK STATIONS  RE-ENTRY CRITERIA  NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS

LEGISLATION

LEGISLATION u OSHA IAQ STANDARD  LEGISLATION PENDING  AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA  14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS PENDING

LEGISLATION u NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD  SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES n O F WINTER n O F SUMMER  % RELATIVE HUMIDITY  20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON

LEGISLATION u NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD  SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM  RENOVATION - ISOLATED  PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES n HVAC SYSTEM  RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

EPA “SICK BUILDING” SUIT u WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING  EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C. u 19 EMPLOYEES

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