Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Organic chemistry (MGOC-101)

Supervision: Prof.Dr.Shehata El-Sewedy Dr.Fatma Ahmed Classification and nomenclature of organic compound

Outcomes By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to 1-Recognize classification and nomenclature of organic compound 2-Known the different functional group of organic chemistry 3- learn rule for aromaticity 4- known chemical bonds and bond fission 6-Differentiate between aliphatic and aromatic compound

Organic compounds contain only two elements hydrogen and carbon.

a.Aromatic compounds

*Aromatic compounds must have:- 1-High degree of unsaturation 2-Planar arrangement of P z orbitals to make resonance 3-High degree of stability due to conjugation 4-Resistance for addition reactions 5-Cyclic *6-Obey Hückel Rule:- This is rule for aromaticity

Aromaticity Hückel Rule:- This is rule for aromaticity The number of π - electrons= 4n+2 Where n=0, 1, 2, 3, ………Integral number

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b.Aliphatic compounds

IUPAC SYSTEM Prefix+ Infix + Suffix 1-Prefix Gives the number of carbon atoms of the parent chain PrefixNo. of carbon Meth-1 Eth-2 Prop-3 But-4 Pent-5 Hex-6 Hept-7 Oct-8 Non-9 Dec-10

2-Infix Gives the nature of carbon –carbon Bond in the parent chain. InfixType of C-C bond -an- -en- -yn-

3-Suffix Gives the class type of organic compound SuffixFunction groupClass of compound -e Hydrocarbon -olOHAlcohol -al-CHOAldehydes -one-CO-Ketones -oic-COOHCarboxylic acid -ate-COOREsters -NH 2 Amines

Ex: CH 3 -CH 3 Ethane Butanal Pentanoic THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Atoms or elements in organic compound can form afixed number of bonds (valence ):

Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other by: ( δ ) ( δ, π ) ( δ,2 π )

Hybridization It means mixing of atomic orbitals in the atom to generate new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals AngleGeometryType 109.5°TetrahedralSP 3 120°PlanerSP 2 180°linearSP

Bond polarity Polar bond: bond between two different atoms such as H-Cl, H-F Non polar bond: bond between two same elements such as H-H, F-F Bond fission It is the breaking of bond

There two types of bond fission 1)Homolytic fission One electron to each atom so homolytic fission gives free radicals and it occurs in presence of heat, light or peroxide 2)Heterolytic fission The two bond electrons move to one atom so heterolytic fission gives anion & cation and it occurs in presence of polar solvent

Quiz time

A B Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule? Mention types of bond fission?

Student Question

1-Which of the following structures are aromatic according to Hückel's rule? A B C D E

C-Bond fission B-Bond polarity A- valence 3-Explain and give example 2-Mention types of bond fission?

Assignment Group A Ibrahim El-Said, Ibrahim Shahaat, Ibrahim Abd-El Aatti, Ibrahim Mohammad, Ahmad El-Said Chemical bonds Ahmad Khaled, Ahmad Rada, Ahmad Zain El Abdin, Ahmad Sami, Ahmad Saeed Uses of Alkene in Industry Group B Abd El-Rahman Hamdi, Abd El Rahman Abd El Moneim, Abd El Rahman Ali, Abdallah Mohammad, Abdallah Mostafa Aromatic Plants Abeer El Said, Abeer Salah, Ali Hassan, Ali Mahmoud, Fadi Abd El Salam Effect of Benzene on human Health

Recommended textbooks: 1-Raymond Chang. Chemistry: An introduction to organic chemistry. 10th ed Zumdehl. Organic Chemistry; study guide and solution manual. 2008