What am I ? The more you use me, The more you use me, the shorter I become. the shorter I become. I am loved by teachers. I am loved by teachers. I can't be eaten. I can't be eaten. You can break me easily. You can break me easily. I am called a blackboard crayon. I am called a blackboard crayon.

What am I ? When I am closed, I look like a stick. When I am closed, I look like a stick. When I am opened, I look like a house. When I am opened, I look like a house. I am used to protect you from the rain. I am used to protect you from the rain. I am kept in the corner while it is sunny. I am kept in the corner while it is sunny.

This presentation was created to enable you to : 1. understand the form and meaning of the passive. meaning of the passive. 2. understand why you use 2. understand why you use the passive. the passive. 3. do some activities using 3. do some activities using the passive voice. the passive voice. form / meaning / use

Passive Voice be + past participle

How is the passive formed? Be + past participle sell - sold - sold / build – built - built sell - sold - sold / build – built - built Original paintings sell for lots of money. Original paintings sell for lots of money. Those pyramids built Those pyramids built around 400 AD. around 400 AD. were built are sold for lots of

If you want to name who perform the action we use If you want to name who perform the action we use a by-phrase. a by-phrase. I was given a delicious recipe I was given a delicious recipe by a kind neighbour. by a kind neighbour.

The form of be shows the tense. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist.

The form of be shows the tense. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist. Past simple Present continuous Future simple

The form of be shows the tense. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait was drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait is being drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist. The portrait will be drawn by a street artist.

Active sentences focus on performing an action. Active sentences focus on performing an action. Passive sentences focus on receiving an action. Passive sentences focus on receiving an action. My daughter made this painting. This painting was made by my daughter. A performer of the action A performer of the action My daughter made this painting. A receiver of the action A receiver of the action This painting was made by my daughter.

He took this photo. He took this photo. This photo This photo was taken was taken by him. by him.

focus on focus on performing the action. performing the action. focus on focus on receiving the action. receiving the action. He took this photo. This photo was taken by him.

In the passive sentence, the subject receives an action. It doesn’t perform an action. In the passive sentence, the subject receives an action. It doesn’t perform an action. The difference between active and passive is in the focus. The difference between active and passive is in the focus. Passive is made with transitive verbs. Passive is made with transitive verbs. Transitive verbs have objects. Transitive verbs have objects.

Exercise 1 Read each sentence and state if it’s possible to change it into the passive. My mother painted this room. My mother painted this room. She painted from morning till night. She painted from morning till night. The room looks bigger and bright. The room looks bigger and bright.

Exercise 1 Now, read these sentences and say if it’s possible to change them into the passive. My mother painted this room. My mother painted this room. She painted from morning till night. She painted from morning till night. The room looks bigger and bright. The room looks bigger and bright. This room was painted by my mother. No.

ㅁ Exercise 2

 The man hit the bus.  The man was hit by the bus.  The Queen was driven to the airport.  The old woman attacked a policeman.  The dog followed a cat.  The clown chased the lion.  The old woman was attacked by a policeman.  The dog was followed by a cat.  The Queen drove to the airport.  The clown was chased by a lion.

2.The man was hit by the bus 1.The man hit the bus. 5. The queen was driven to the airport. 6. The old woman attacked a policeman. 3.The dog followed a cat. 4. The clown chased the lion. 7. The old woman was attacked by a policeman. 8.The dog was followed by followed by a cat. a cat. 9. The queen drove to the airport. 10. The clown was chased by a lion.

 The man was hit by the bus.  The Queen was driven to the airport.  The old woman was attacked by a policeman.  The dog was followed by a cat.  The clown was chased by a lion.

 The man hit the bus.  The old woman attacked a policeman.  The dog followed a cat.  The clown chased the lion.  The Queen drove to the airport.

Why or When do we use the passive? The person or thing performing the action is unknown. The person or thing performing the action is unknown. The window was broken. - A by-phrase is not used.

The person or thing performing the action is not important. The person or thing performing the action is not important. Too many books have been written about the Second World War.

-Who did the baking? It’s clear to everyone who or what performed the action. It’s clear to everyone who or what performed the action. “I made a tasty food the other night. This chicken was baked in the oven with carrots, potatoes and lots of onions.

-I did it, but I don’t want to admit I’m the one who forgot to put it away. We want to avoid who or what performed We want to avoid who or what performed the action. the action. “Why is this milk warm?” “Because it was left out for a while.”

-To recognize that Beethoven is responsible for this musical composition. We want to highlight someone’s work. We want to highlight someone’s work. (often artistic or creative work) “This concerto was written by Beethoven.

Exercise 3 Read each statement and explain why the passive voice is used. Our mail is delivered at the same time every day. Our mail is delivered at the same time every day. Here are my books. They are written for English language learners. Here are my books. They are written for English language learners. - It’s clear to everyone who delivered the mail. - It’s clear from the context. I wrote them.

Wife to husband, ”Honey, the trash bags weren’t put in the trash cans. It looks kind of messy, don’t you think? Wife to husband, ”Honey, the trash bags weren’t put in the trash cans. It looks kind of messy, don’t you think? These jeans were made in Hong Kong. These jeans were made in Hong Kong. - To avoid an argument by stating: “You didn’t put the trash where it needs to go!” - We don’t know exactly who made these jeans.

Exercise 4 Choose the sentence that goes with the picture.

1. B) The man was bitten by a snake. 2. B) The elephant was frightened by the mouse. 3. A) The mother fed the child. 4. A) The detective followed the woman. 5. A) The professor drove to the university. 6. A) This dog bites!

1.The man bit a snake. 2.The elephant frightened the mouse. 3.The mother was fed by the child. 4.The detective was followed. 5.The professor was driven to the university. 6.The dog was bitten!

Active a) The man bit a snake. b) The elephant frightened the mouse. c) The mother fed the child. d) The detective followed the woman. e) The professor drove to the university. f) This dog bites! Passive g) The man was bitten by a snake. h) The elephant was frightened by the mouse. i) The mother was fed by the child. j) The detective was followed. k) The professor was driven to the university. l) The dog was bitten!