PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE Theoretical Background for the Interactive Presentation Prezentace byla vytvořena v rámci projektu Podpora moderních forem výuky na ZŠ Libereckého kraje Anna Mikšaníková ZŠ U Školy

Form and Use of Present Perfect Simple Here are several sentences in P.P.S.: a)I have been a nurse for a long time. b)We have lived here since c)You have painted 5 rooms. d)She has just made the dinner. e)They have lost their wallets. f)He has been to Paris.

Task 1 : Use the sentences to find out how to form the affirmative form of P.P.S. Have / Has + past participle Follow-up questions: ? Why to use ‘have’ and ‘has’. Where is the difference? ? What is the past participle? Think of regular and irregular verbs.

Past Participle Regular verbs -formed by adding –ed to the infinitive -try to form it-it is easy : help - ………………………….. look - …………………………… walk - ………………………….. work - ………………………….. Irregular verbs -the third column in the irregular verb chart -unfortunately you have to study all of these forms  – but you can make it -e.g. do-did-DONE see-saw-SEEN go-went-GONE

Past Participle-Exceptions in spelling when adding -ed After a final –e add d only e.g. live-lived Final -y after a consonant becomes –ied e.g. worry-worried Final -y after a vowel is not changed e.g. play-played One-syllable verb ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel – final consonant must be doubled e.g. stop - stopped

Task 2 : Try to find out how to form the negative and the question of P.P.S. using the common rules for creating these two forms of sentences. Negative -Clue:common rule is to add NOT to the auxiliary -So try to form negatives from these sentences: a) I have been a nurse for a long time. b)We have lived here since Question -Clue: common pattern for questions is : (question word +) auxiliary + subject +full verb) -So try to form questions from these sentences: a)They have lost their wallets. b)He has been to Paris.

Task 3 : Read the USE of P.P.S. Then try to connect it with the examples of the sentences. a)I have been a nurse for a long time. b)We have lived here since c)You have painted 5 rooms. d)She has just made the dinner. e)They have lost their wallets. f)He has been to Paris 1)Finished action with an influence on the present. 2)Actions or states over a long period of time up to now. 3)Action that has stopped recently and has a present result. 4)Emphasis on the result. 5)Action that has happened at any time before the moment of speaking.

Task 4 : Translate the sentences in P.P.S. into your mother tongue. Which tenses do you use in your language? Then try to place the P.P.S. on the timeline. pastpresentfuture The location on the timeline shows the relation to the present. Clue for the location:

Time expressions with P.P.S Task 5 : Translate the words into your language. Already, just, (not) yet Never, ever, before Since, for So far, till now, up to now

Task 6 : Connect the use with its time expressions Time expressions a) Already, just, (not) yet b) Never, ever, before c) Since, for d) So far, till now, up to now Use 1)Finished action with an influence on the present. 2)Actions or states over a long period of time up to now. 3)Action that has stopped recently and has a present result. 4)Emphasis on the result. 5)Action that has happened at any time before the moment of speaking.

P.P.S. compared with other tenses Typical features of tenses that can be mistaken with P.P.S.: 1)Present Simple -Fact about the present; repeated actions; no consequences -Time expressions: always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly ever, never, rarely,barely, every week,… 2) Present Continuous -Temporary actions;actions happening now or around now -Time expressions: at the moment, now, this week… 3) Past Simple -Finished, completed actions;specified time -Time expressions: ago, last, in 1995…..

Task 7 : Look at the pairs of the sentences and explain the difference in meaning between a) and b). a) I phoned Jane two days ago. b) I have just phoned Jane. a)I didn‘t see the film yesterday. b)I haven‘t seen the film before. a) I have lived here for 10 years. b)I am living here during my holidays. a)He has written 2 books so far. b)He wrote many books. a) I know him very well. b) I have known him since 2003.

Summary KEEP IN MIND while using Present Perfect Simple : 1)Unfinished action 2)Unspecified time 3)Result in or influence on the present 4)The time expressions connected with P.P.S.

You have just mastered Present Perfect Simple CONGRATULATIONS