PRESENT SIMPLE is used: for habits My Dad talks in his sleep. to show how often things (don't) happen I don't see him very often. for permanent situations/states He lives in Japan. for general truths, laws of nature, facts and abilities. Water freezes at 0ºC. for states Do you have a computer at the moment? for the future schedules. The new term starts next Monday. for the future in conditional sentences I'll call you when I get back.

PRESENT SIMPLE is formed: + subject + Vs + … Jenny goes to school. I watch video on Sunday. - subject + do/does + not + V + … Helen does not like football. I do not go to the cinema very often. ? Wh… + do/does + subject + V + … Does Jane have a guitar? Do you play tennis? Why do you get up so early? Who cooks in your family?

NOTES FOR PRESENT SIMPLE We should add the –s ending to the verb in statements if the subject is third person singular (he, she, it) He We, I She goes You go It They In negatives and interrogatives we should use the auxiliary verb does instead of do if the subject is third person singular (he, she, it) he we, I Does she Do you it they We should not add the –s ending to the verb neither in negatives nor in interrogatives.

MARKERS OF PRESENT SIMPLE EVERY … USUALLY OFTEN SOMETIMES AND OTHER ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

PRESENT CONTINUOUS is used: events happening at a particular moment or around the moment of speaking Don't make so much noise! I am working! She is looking for a better job. for situations and events, which happen regularly, but only for a limited period of time. We are using public transport until our car is repaired. for changing and developing situations The traffic in our city is getting worse and worse. for personal arrangements about the future I am meeting Dan tomorrow. to refer to annoying habits (usually with always) He is always making so much noise in the early mornings!

PRESENT CONTINUOUS is formed: + subject + is/am/are + Ving + … Helen is watching TV. The books are getting more and more popular again. I am studying English now. - subject + is/am/are + not + Ving + … Jack is not doing his homework now. We are not going to school this week. I am not going out this weekend. ? Wh… + is/am/are + subject + V + … What is he doing next weekend? Is Garry playing tennis now? Why are you writing this essay? Are you visiting your Granny this weekend? What am I watching? Am I watching TV?

NOTES FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to the subject: She We He is You are I am It They There are some verbs (called “non-continuous verbs”), which can not be used in Present Continuous. They are: Verbs related to activities of the mind (admit, agree, know, mean, remember, realise, want, believe, think…) Verbs related to emotions (care, like, love, hate, hope, enjoy, can`t stand…) Having and being (appear, be, belong, have, include, need, own, possess, consist of) Verbs related to senses (feel, see, hear, look, smell, sound)

MARKERS OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS (RIGHT)NOW AT THE MOMENT CURRENTLY LOOK! LISTEN!

PRESENT PERFECT is used: for completed actions at an unstated past time Have you done your homework? for completed actions if we are interested in the present result He has finished his homework so he can go for a walk. for actions and situations continuing up till now She has worked for this company since 1999. for a series of actions continuing up till now We have had an argument every day this week. for personal experiences/changes She has been to London. to put emphasis on number I have lost 10 kilos.

PRESENT PERFECT is formed: + subject + have/has + VIII + … We have seen the Eiffel tower. Sue has done the washing up. subject + have/has + not + VIII + .. They have not been to Moscow. Mark has not written his essay. ? Wh… + have/has + subject + VIII + … How many books has she read? Has he seen the film? Have you finished the letter? Why have you lied to me?

NOTES FOR PRESENT PERFECT We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to the subject: He I, We She has You have It They We should never use Present Perfect when the exact time of the action is given. We use question words (who, why, how, etc) quite rarely and we never use the word when

MARKERS OF PRESENT PERFECT EVER NEVER SINCE FOR JUST ALREADY YET

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS is used: for events and actions continuing up to the present moment or stopping just before it. I'm tired because I have been working all day. for past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present Her eyes are red because she has been crying. to express anger, irritation, annoyance or criticism. Who has been using my toothbrush? to put emphasis on duration She has been calling on clients since this morning.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS perfect is formed: continuous + subject + have/has + been + Ving + … Susan has been working for 5 hours. We have been writing an essay all day. - subject + have/has + not + been + Ving .. Phil has not been playing football since 9 o`clock. Nel and his friends have not been getting ready for the party. ? Wh… + have/has + subject + been + Ving + … Why have you been using my mobile phone? Have you been talking on the phone all morning? What has she been doing? Has Helen been teasing you?

MARKERS OF PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS FOR

PAST SIMPLE is used to talk about: Single events or actions in the past Our teacher came into the class late yesterday Past habits When I lived in Spain, I went to the beach every day. States that took place in the past When I was 5 I hated porridge. A series of actions in the past I came home, put off my coat, switched on the computer and put a glass of milk into a microwave oven.

MARKERS OF PAST SIMPLE YESTERDAY …AGO LAST…

PAST SIMPLE STATEMENTS FORMATION Не went to school. They helped Nick. 1 VII ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ

NOTE 1 VII правильные неправильные ED УЧИ played went

PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVES FORMATION DID NOT V ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ Не did not go to school. They did not help Nick..

PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVES FORMATION DID V ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ When did hе go to school? Why did they help Nick?

PAST CONTINUOUS is used to talk about: Actions in progress around a specific past time or at a specific time Our teacher was ill this time last month. I was reading from 3 to 5 yesterday. Progressive action in the past interrupted by another action While I was reading, Tim came. Some progressive actions at the same time While I was watching TV, Larry was cooking. To give background information It was raining as we traveled.

MARKERS OF PAST CONTINUOUS WHEN WHILE AS AT THE TIME OF

PAST CONTINUOUS STATEMENTS FORMATION Не was going to school. They were helping Nick. VING ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ 1 WAS WERE ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ

NOTE 1 We They were You I He was She It

PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVES FORMATION Не was not going to school. They were not helping Nick. VING NOT ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ 1 WAS WERE

PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVES FORMATION When was hе going to school? Why were they helping Nick? VING ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ 1 WAS WERE

NOTES FOR PAST CONTINUOUS We should use the correct auxiliary verb accourding to the subject: She I, We He was You were It They There are some verbs (called “non-continuous verbs”), which can not be used in Present Continuous. They are: Verbs related to activities of the mind (admit, agree, know, mean, remember, realise, want, believe, think…) Verbs related to emotions (care, like, love, hate, hope, enjoy, can`t stand…) Having and being (appear, be, belong, have, include, need, own, possess, consist of) Verbs related to senses (feel, see, hear, look, smell, sound)

PAST PERFECT is used to talk about: An action in the past before another action in the past Our Mum had cooked dinner before we came. An action in the past that happened before a definite time in the past While I was reading, Tim came. To give a reason for the past event I did the washing up because she had asked me to.

MARKERS OF PAST PERFECT BEFORE BY BECAUSE

PAST PERFECT STATEMENTS FORMATION Не had gone to school. They had helped Nick. 1 VIII ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ

NOTE 1 VIII правильные неправильные ED УЧИ played gone

PAST PERFECT NEGATIVES FORMATION Не had not gone to school. They had not helped Nick. 1 VIII NOT ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD

PAST PERFECT INTERROGATIVES FORMATION Why had hе gone to school? How had they helped Nick? 1 VIII ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS is used to talk about: An action in the past that was in progress up to or near a certain time in the past. (you want to emphasize duration of the action) She had been using computer for 5 hours and her eyes hurt.

MARKERS OF PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS FOR SINCE AND

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS STATEMENTS FORMATION Не had been going to school. They had been helping Nick. VING ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD BEEN ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS NEGATIVES FORMATION Не had not been going to school. They had not been helping Nick. VING NOT BEEN ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVES FORMATION Why had hе been going to school? How long had they been helping Nick? VING ВТОРОСТЕПЕННЫЕ ЧЛЕНЫ BEEN ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ HAD

FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL+V) Sudden (spontaneous, on-the-spot) decision A: Phey, this bag's heavy. B: I will carry it for you. Promise/intention. I'm sorry, I've forgotten your book today, but (I promise) I will bring it tomorrow. Predictions based on opinions and beliefs (It's just one's opinion but it can't be proved) I think we will not use washing machines in 2400. Requests and offers. Will you open the door for me?

FUTURE SIMPLE is formed: + subject + will + V + … Helen will watch TV. The books will get more and more popular again. I will study English next month. - subject + will + not + V + … Jack will not do his homework tomorrow. We will not go to school next week. I will not go out tomorrow. ? Wh… + will + subject + V + … What will he do next weekend? Will Garry play tennis next Friday? Why will you write this essay?

FUTURE CONTINUOUS will be + Ving Prolonged activity in the future, especially when the exact period of time is given (from 3 to 5 tomorrow) when we know the time of the activity (at 4 o`clock next Friday) when another shorter activity will happen during the one we mean (You will be sleeping when I come.) I come 4 3 5

FUTURE CONTINUOUS is formed: + subject + will be + Ving + … Helen will be watching TV. The books will be getting more and more popular again. I will be studying English next week. - subject + will + not + be + Ving + … Jack will not be doing his homework next weekend. We will not be going to school next Friday at 3 o`clock. ? Wh… + will + subject + be + V + … What will he be doing next weekend? Will Garry be playing tennis from 5 to 7 tomorrow?

FUTURE PERFECT will have V3 Result we expect to have by a certain time in the future. We use this tense only when there are two “markers” : by (which means Perfect) and next…/tomorrow (which means Future) I hope we will have finished the composition by 4 o'clock tomorrow evening.

FUTURE PERFECT is formed: + subject + will have + VIII + … We will have seen the Eiffel tower. Sue will have done the washing up. subject + will + not + have + VIII + .. They will not have been to Moscow. Mark will not have written his essay. ? Wh… + will + subject + have + VIII + … How many books will she have read? Will he have seen the film?

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS will have been Ving Result of a process we will have achieved by a certain time in the future. I will have been expecting for him to come for about 3 years next months.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + subject + will have + been + Ving + … I will have been waiting for him for a whole month next week! subject + will + not + have + been + Ving + … ? Wh… + will + subject + have + VIII + …