a Sub :- Computer Hardware and Networking Sub code :- (17533) Class :- EJ 5G Marks :- 50 M (Theory) Sub Teacher :- Mr. Rakesh Z. Vaikunthi

UNIT - 1 MOTHERBOARD AND PERIPHERALS (14 M)

a Lecture - 1

1. Inside a PC CD-ROM drive Power supply Hard disk drive Mother board Floppy disk drive Sound/network cards Wires and ribbon cables 000-209 Intro to CS. 5/Mother

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC COMPONENT 1) MOTHER BOARD 2) PROCESSOR 3) RAM POER SUPPLY (SMPS) 5) HARD DISK

a 6) KEY BOARD 7) MOUSE 8) VIDEO CARD 9) SOUND CARD

PC CONFIGURATION AMD Processor INTEL Processor DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC CONFIGURATION DEPENDS ON TYPES OF PROCESSOR MOTHER BOARD CHIPSET SIZE OF CACHE MEMORY PRIMARY MEMORY ETC AMD Processor INTEL Processor AMD Athlon 64 FX ½ GB DDR2 667 MHz 160/200 GB SATA HDD DVD drive SLI Ready monitor 17 in TFT or CRT Keyboard and Mouse

A- Intel Core Processor Base Configuration INTEL Processor A- Intel Core Processor Base Configuration B- Intel Core2Duo Processor Base Configuration - Intel Core 2 Duo Processor 2.66 GHz Memory 2/3 GB DDR2 Hard Disk 200GB Optical Blu-Ray Disk Media reader with Bluetooth 2.0 Video card 768 MB Intel core to duo processor (1MB – 2.2 Ghz) 1/2GB Duel Channel DDR2 SDRAM (667Mhz) 17 inch TFT – Keyboard DVD drive - Mouse Integrated Intel Graphics Media

a Lecture - 2

Compare Different Types of PC configuration Processor Speed (MHz) Front Side Bus L2 Cache Size Multi - processing Hyper -Threading AMD Athlon 600- 1400 266 MHz 256 KB Supporting Celeron 100-200 766 MHz 128 KB Not Supporting Intel Pentium Pentium- 1 60 - 233 66 Pentium -2 233 - 450 100 512 KB Pentium -3 450 – 500 133 Mhz Pentium- 4 1400 533 Mhz Duel Core 2.33 to 2.6 667 Mhz 2 MB Core 2 duo 2.33 to 2.8 800 Mhz 4MB

Chipset Def.- A compactible set of chips that interface with CPU on the mother Board is known as chipset. Northbridge The high-speed part of a common chipset architecture in a computer. The Northbridge is the controller that interconnects the CPU to memory via the frontside bus (FSB). It also connects peripherals via high-speed channels such as AGP and PCI Express. The Northbridge may include a display controller, obviating the need for a separate display adapter.

Southbridge The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the motherboard that is responsible for the Hard Drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as Sound Card video card if present on the motherboard, USB,PCI,ISD,BIOS , and Ethernet. The south bridge gets its name for commonly being South of the PCI Bus. Below is a graphic illustration of the ASUS P5AD2-E motherboard and some basic explanations of each of the major portions of the motherboard including the Southbridge.

Chipset

Intel Chipset 945 G

Intel Chipset 945 G It has Support for 300MBPS serial ATA Intel 645G Express chipset was release in 2005 Chipset is the first support Intel's new Duel Core Pentium D processor also support Pentium 4 945G is main Aim to increase the performance of PC It offers FSB (Front side Bus) speed up to 1066Mhz It has Support for 300MBPS serial ATA It Support SATA RAID.

Feature of Intel Chipset 945 G Code Name :- Lake port Port Number :- 82945G Bus Speed :- 1066Mhz Support Processor :- Pentium F, P4 Memory Type :- DDR2 Maximum Memory :- 4GB

a Lecture - 3

BUS Bus is a Common path way that carries a signal between the component with In the computer. When used in reference to Personal computer, the term bus usually refers to internal bus. This is a bus that connects all the internal computer components to the CPU and Main memory . There's also an Expansion Bus that enables Expansion Boards to access the CPU and memory

Types Of BUS ISA :- Industry standard Architecture PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect Extend PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express AGP :- Advance Graphics Port Processor Bus:- Front Side Bus

ISA :- Industry standard Architecture ISA Bus was develop by IBM team in 1981 ISA Bus has two types 8- bit ISA 2) 16- bit ISA IBM kept old 62- lines slot connectors of 8-bit ISA bus And address 36- wires connectors with old 62- lines slot connectors Features of ISA 8 more lines to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA Four more Address line to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA It support 16 MB of RAM ISA 16- bit Support both 8- bit and 16-bit Cords. Four more DMA channel used

PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. PCI is the initialise for Peripheral Component Interconnect The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any processor's bus The first version of conventional PCI found in desktop computers was a 32-bit bus using a 33 MHz The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles. Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards, modems.

PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect Extend PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. Feature It is Faster version of PCI, runs at twice the speed from 66Mhz to 133 MHz The Maxim amount of data exchange Between processor and peripheral is 1.06GB PCI-X bursting as normal operating Mode Provide Synchronous Operation.

PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express PCI Xpress is a computer Expansion card interface format Most common use of PCI Express is with graphics cards and provide large bandwidth Feature PCI Xpress is used as local interface It is fast to replace between AGP And PCI It runs at 2.5Ghz It is a serial base technology It carries 250 MB/s data simultaneous transmit and Receive.

a Lecture - 4

Cache Memory Cache memory is High speed memory buffer that temporary store data Processor can retrieve data from cache faster from main memory Cache holds the data and provide to processor when they needed Information and data is deleted when power supply is off

Types of cache memory Internal cache (Level 1) cache 1:- Cache L1 is used to hold working set of code and data It built in to the processor called as internal cache Size of L1 cache varies from processor to process starting from 8KB to 64KB or more L1 cache built in processor and can not Expanded 2. External cache (Level 2) cache 2:- L2 cache is mounted on the mother board that is external to the processor so it is called as external cache It runs at motherboard speed for Access Size of L2 cache is 64KB to 2MB

It is connected to North bridge on M.B. 3. Level 2, L3 cache :- It is connected to North bridge on M.B. On the newer processor the additional L3 cache is built on motherboard in between CPU and main memory. a L1 Cache L2 cache Main Memory Secondary cache

a Lecture - 5

Characteristics of CRT Resolution :- Number of dots in vertical line (x axis) and horizontal line (y axis) known as resolution. two types of resolution X- axis resolution (vertical) Y-axis resolution (horizontal) Refresh Rate :- rate at which the electron in the monitor address brightness of pixel on the screen . Response Time :- response time is the maximum time is the minimum time necessary to change a pixel color or Brightness.

LCD monitor

Explanation of LCD monitor LCD liquid crystal display is an electro optical amplitude modulator It is thin flat display made up of number of color pixel arrange of light source or reflector Each layer of pixel on LCD consist of layer of molecule aligned between two transparent electrode LCD is completely flat screen without flicuring It shows more brightness and clarity of picture It perform limited viewing.

a Lecture - 6

Difference between CRT and LCD Factor CRT LCD Contrast Ratio Higher Contrast Ratio Lower Contrast Ratio Response Time Less Response Time Greater Response Time Angle of View Image may be viewed from side Angle Limited viewing angle to CRT Color Purity Better Average

Timing Control Interface CD ROM drive a Data Read logic CD ROM CD ROM Disk Clock Timing Control Interface CD Rom drive motor

Explanations of CD ROM drive The principle of CD Rom drive is base on optical technology CD Rom is used for compact disk read only memory The disk is coated with silver material so that reflect with laser light Outer is coated with hard resistance jacket Various component of CD Rom Drive Drive Head Head Actuator Spindle Motor Frame Assemble Drive Engine

Question Bank on first unit

Question Bank SUB: - CHN (17533) Branch:- EJ/EX Vth Sem UNIT 1 2 Marks Questions:- State different types of PC Configuration (w-09) Explain various types of Key Board (w-10) Difference between CRT & LCD (s-09) Define the Term:- Resolution b) Refresh Rate c) Response Time (s-10) List various Component on Mother Board (w-10) 4 Marks Questions:- Construction & Working of Mouse (w,s-09) Compare different types of PC configuration (s-09,w-08) What is BUS? List of Different types of BUS. (s-08,w-09) Draw and Explain Intel 945G (s-09) What is Cache memory & Explain its types (s-09,w10,w-09) Give Functional Block diagram of LCD monitor (w-08) Give Advantages & Disadvantages of LCD (w-08)