Tobacco and it’s effects By Todd Corabi Some information taken from Glencoe Health pre-made powerpoints from Teen Health series FACT: Smoking and Obesity are the 2 single highest causes of preventable death in the United States.

Forms of Tobacco Tobacco products are made from the Tobacco plant. The can be smoked, inhaled, chewed and absorbed. Products that are smoked: Cigarettes Cigars and pipes Smokeless products: Chewing tobacco Snuff, dip, “spit”

Cigarettes (which most of this powerpoint will focus on) are made from shredded tobacco leaves. A single puff of tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals Most of these chemicals prevent the body from functioning the way it should Between 43-80 these chemicals cause cancer In the United States, more than 400,000 people die each year because of smoke-related illnesses. Cigarettes

Why Teens Begin Using Tobacco Wanting to look “cool” PEER PRESSURE Wanting to be just like a favorite celebrity Parents or family members use tobacco Too hooked to be able to quit Other…see below Other: readily available, social settings, to fit in, do not believe facts, addicted due to second hand smoke?

Nicotine: Carbon monoxide Cigarettes contain 3 different components that cause harm to the body Nicotine: the drug in tobacco. It is a stimulant and highly addictive Carbon monoxide a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco burns Tar a sticky brownish liquid that coats any part of the body that smoke touches including the lining of the lungs and causes diseases What Is in Tobacco?

Cigars and Pipes Although most of this power point concerns cigarettes, shredded tobacco leaves are also used in cigars and pipes. Dangers of using cigars or pipes: Cigar smoke contains 25 times more carbon monoxide and up to 400 times more nicotine than cigarette smoke. Cigar and pipe smokers are more likely to develop cancers of the lip, mouth, and tongue than nonsmokers.

Tobacco Addiction Nicotine: type of drug = stimulant is as addictive or more so a drug as cocaine or heroin. Nicotine addiction leads to more diseases and deaths than all other addictions combined. Reducing or cutting off the supply of nicotine causes withdrawal. A person addicted to nicotine finds it difficult to stop using tobacco. People going through withdrawal usually feel anxious, irritable, hungry, depressed, and tired.

Psychological Dependence A tobacco user first becomes psychologically dependent on tobacco. Psychological dependence leads to addiction because a person believes that he or she needs a drug in order to feel good or function normally although they really do not To break a psychological dependence on tobacco, users need to change their habits. A person with a psychological dependence may feel that the tobacco habit is a necessary part of his or her daily routine, and associate it with pleasurable activities, such as talking on the phone or taking a break from work. To break psychological dependence on tobacco, a smoker could drink herbal tea or chew sugarless gum instead of reaching for a cigarette.

Physical Dependence Physical dependence is an addiction in which the body develops a chemical need for a drug. Physical dependence on tobacco is directly related to nicotine. As a person continues to use tobacco, the body’s tolerance for nicotine increases. Tolerance is the body’s need for larger and larger doses of a drug to produce the same effect. Physical addiction to a chemical or drug is also called chemical dependency. A tobacco user’s need for nicotine is very strong. Users crave tobacco when their bodies are low on nicotine. They do not feel comfortable until they have another dose of the drug. When they get another dose of the drug, the relief does not last long. They soon feel the need to use tobacco again.

Parts of the Respiratory System Tar can stick to any of these inside organs and things within and around them such as the teeth in your mouth and sinus cavities Parts of the Respiratory System Nose/Mouth Passages for air; nose lined with cilia Epiglottis Flap of tissue in back of mouth that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering it Bronchi Two tubes that branch from the trachea; one tube leads to each lung Trachea Tube in throat that takes air to and from lungs The cilia in the nose are tiny hairlike projections that trap dirt and particles from the air. The trachea is also called the windpipe. Lungs Two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Harmful Substances in Tobacco Smoke Harmful chemicals include but are not limited to….. Harmful Substances in Tobacco Smoke Cyanide is a deadly poison. Methanol, a poisonous liquid alcohol, is known to cause blindness. Formaldehyde is an irritating, acidic gas used in laboratory disinfectants and preservatives.

Some Short term effects of smoking include Increases Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Breathing Rate Activates Fight or Flight Response Increases alertness (makes you hyper) Decreases Digestive System Tricks people to think they are relaxed Bad Breath Smell on clothes, hair and skin Lowers amount of Oxygen going into body

the alveoli. This damage may Smokers are also between Some long term effects of smoking include……………… Respiratory System Tobacco smoke damages the alveoli. This damage may lead to emphysema. Smokers are also between 12 and 22 times more likely than nonsmokers to develop lung cancer. Digestive System increase the risk of cavities and gum disease. Taste Buds die. linked to cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. Circulatory System Tobacco use is linked to heart disease. Excretory System Smokers have at least twice the risk of developing bladder cancer as nonsmokers. Smokeless tobacco can also put users at risk of developing bladder cancer. Nervous System Tobacco use reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain, which can lead to a stroke.

Some more Long Term Effects of Smoking

Smoking is the #1 risk factor associated with Heart Attacks and Heart Disease

Common Problems of the Respiratory System associated with smoking Disease or Disorder Description Treatment Chronic Bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs. Bronchodilators Disease in which alveoli harden and disintegrate; symptoms include extreme difficulty breathing; almost entirely caused by smoking No known cure; pure oxygen can make breathing easier Emphysema Uncontrolled growth of cells that produce abnormally in lungs; often caused by smoking Surgery, radiation, and medication; Survival rates are very low Lung Cancer

How Tobacco Affects Nonsmokers (cont’d.) Exposure to secondhand smoke causes people to become passive smokers. Passive smoking is harmful because: It can cause respiratory problems, including lung cancer, just like smoking. It may irritate the nose and throat and cause itchy and watery eyes, headaches, and coughing. A smoke-filled room contains high levels of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants. In a smoke-filled room, a nonsmoker can inhale as much nicotine and carbon monoxide in one hour as if the person had smoked a cigarette. People who have long-term exposure to secondhand smoke risk getting the same illnesses that affect smokers, including heart and lung diseases and respiratory problems. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, secondhand smoke is a human carcinogen, or cancer-causing substance. Each year, 53,000 people die in the United States as a result of passive smoking.

Rights of Nonsmokers As a nonsmoker, you have the right to: Breathe air that is free of tobacco smoke. Express your preference that people not smoke around you.

Rights of Nonsmokers (cont’d.) Laws protecting the rights of nonsmokers: In 1989, the federal government banned smoking on all domestic airplane flights. Almost every state government has put restrictions on smoking. Employers have a legal right to restrict smoking in the workplace, and many have banned smoking. In addition to the above legislations, it is common for restaurants to ban smoking completely instead of creating nonsmoking sections. Encourage teens to support school and local efforts to reduce smoking and encourage others to become involved.

Children and Unborn Babies Tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with the following: Increased chance of miscarriage Increased chance of stillbirth Low birth weight. The lower a baby’s weight, the higher the risk of complications in the baby’s development.

Children and Unborn Babies (cont’d.) Infants whose mothers smoke during and after pregnancy are three times more likely to die from a condition known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome than are infants whose mothers do not smoke. Children of smokers experience higher rates of allergies, asthma, chronic bronchitis, ear infections, and heart problems.

The Benefits of Saying No to Tobacco