DNA Fingerprinting Simulation Step 1: Pour restriction enzymes into DNA.

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Fingerprinting Simulation Step 1: Pour restriction enzymes into DNA

What happens The restriction enzymes act like scissors that cut the DNA into smaller fragments Because each person has a unique DNA sequence, his or her DNA is cut in a unique pattern The lengths of the fragments will vary from person to person

Step 2: Pour agarose gel into tray on lab counter

What happens Agarose gel has a web-like molecular structure similar to that of Jell-O The agarose gel separates the DNA fragments based on size because larger fragments have a harder time moving through the “web” and move more slowly than smaller fragments

Step 3: Pour DNA into tray

What Happens? The DNA is added to depressions, or holes, in the agarose gel /51DB DA-45ED-A3CE-7C06AA5C1963/0/mod1_2_agaro_gel.jpg /381532A7-44EE-4E62-9F57- 83DEA4D0EFBA/0/mod1_2_photo.jpg

Step 4: Turn on switch to begin electrophoresis

What happens? The electric current causes the DNA molecules to begin moving DNA fragments have a slight negative charge, so they move toward the positive end of the gel/tray. By the end of electrophoresis the fragments will be separated according to their lengths.

4E62-9F57-83DEA4D0EFBA/0/mod1_2_photo.jpg

Step 5: Place nylon membrane on top of the gel

What happens? The agarose gel is very thin and difficult to move around, so a nylon membrane is placed on top of it The nylon membrane “blots” up the DNA (kind of like a paper towel)

Step 6: Add probes to nylon membrane

What happens? The radioactive probes attach themselves to DNA fragments that have stuck to the nylon membrane Any excess (non-stuck) probes are washed away

Step 7: Place x-ray film on top of nylon membrane

What happens? The radioactivity from the probes exposes the x-ray film in any places where the probes have attached You can visualize the locations where the probes have stuck to the nylon membrane

Step 8: Develop film by dragging it to the developer

What happens? The film is developed and shows the locations on the nylon membrane where the probes attached themselves to DNA fragments.

The results Carmela Honey Candy

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