Microbiology Pre-AP Introduction to Medical Microbiology

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infections and communicable diseases. Why “Micro”biology?  Microorganisms aka microbes are ubiquitous  Used most commonly as evidence of life in newly explored habitats  Microbes require a microscope to be observed, studied and identified Medical Microbiology =

›Bacteriology ›Protozoology ›Phycology ›Parasitology ›Mycology ›Virology ›1. Bacteria ›2. Protozoans ›3. Algae ›4. Parasites ›5. Yeasts and Molds –Fungi ›6. Viruses Organisms included in the study of microbiology

Gut Flora

Protozoans in Sea Water

Thermophilic Algae

Roundworm : Strongyloides

Yeast cells

Mold

 geology (microbes present in the earth’s crust)  marine science (phytoplankton, protozoans)  medicine (infectious diseases aka pathogens, epidemiology)  astrobiology (can life exist in space?) Microbiologists combine multiple disciplines in their research:

›Biochemistry –Macromolecules, enzymes, metabolic activities, cell theory ›Inheritance patterns –Gene expression, DNA mutations ›Nutrient cycles –Soil, water, atmospheric cycles, decomposition, photosynthesis Several scientific concepts developed within the discipline of microbiology

›Food production –Alcoholic fermentation, soil fertility, bread, vinegar, yogurt ›Medicine –Antibiotics such as Penicillium ›Environmental protection –Pest control-Bacillus thuringiensis –Bioremediation-Pseudomonas sp. & Bacillus sp. ›Genetic engineering –Biomedical research, recombinant DNA technology, gene therapy –Synthesis of Human Growth Hormone, Interferon, Insulin Microbiology in industry

›Pneumonia>Whooping Cough ›Botulism >Typhoid Fever >Measles ›Cholera >Scarlet Fever >Mumps ›Syphilis >Gonorrhea >Herpes 1 ›Chlamydia >Tuberculosis >Herpes 2 ›Meningitis >Tetanus >MRSA ›Strep Throat >Lyme Disease >AIDS ›Black Plague >Diarrhea >Gangrene Microbes act as infectious agents

Tetanus Anthrax Smallpox

›Based on observations, questioning and testing hypotheses, various discoveries have contributed to the advancement of civilization. –1665: Robert Hooke, cell theory –1674: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, witnessed living microorganisms >Experiments to disprove Spontaneous Generation: -1668: Francesco Redi -1858: Rudolph Virchow -1861: Louis Pasteur >1876: Robert Koch develops “Germ Theory” The scientific method has lead to great advancements in the field of microbiology

›Advances in microscopy ›Culture techniques ›Control of microbes, including infectious diseases Significant discoveries in microbiology

›Evolutionary relationships ›Specific characteristics –Gram + or Gram -, temperature-tolerance, morphology ›Standard scientific names –Escherichia coli –Staphylococcus aureus Classification of Microbes