Ch 12.4 Mutations.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 12.4 Mutations

-inheritable changes in genetic material Mutation: -inheritable changes in genetic material

…changes that affect a single or few nucleotides. …occur at a single point in DNA sequence.

Substitution: one base exchanged for another (ex: sickle cell anemia) Insertion: extra base(s) are inserted Deletion: DNA is deleted/left out …all are frameshift mutations ; can alter the protein/cause abnormality…

Sickle Cell: a substitution mutation

Chromosomal Mutations: Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

Polyploidy Organism has extra sets of chromosomes in gametes. …normal gametes are (2N); Triploid (3N)or Tetraploid (4N) can occur.

CH 13.1 Changing the Living World

Domestication of plants/animals: all modern-day food products were once “wild”- humans have tamed & shaped nature to better suit human needs. Selective Breeding: allowing only those organisms with desirable traits to produce the next generation.

Inbreeding: continued breeding of individuals with similar traits. Can also increase risk of genetic defects.

Increasing variation through genetic engineering of mutations

This bacteria has been modified to turn CO2 into fuel.

This bacteria has been GM’ed to eat oil.

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