Unit 3 Global Interactions Section 1 Early Japan and Feudalism

Geography Archipelago Impact on Japanese life: Mountainous – terrace farming Fishing industry Lived in river valleys Isolated and protected

Religion Shintoism – respect and honor nature Also Zen Buddhism and Confucianism Influenced by China and Korea

Japanese Feudalism Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasants and Artisans Merchants

Tokugawa Shogunate Centralized gov’t Economic prosperity – ^food production, trade Culture traits – Zen gardens and tea ceremonies and haiku

Sec. 2 Mongols and Their Impact Mongols – nomads of Central Asia Location – grasslands of Central Asia Date:1200

Pax Mongolia – time of peace in empire Genghis Khan – 1,100’s ruled empire; great conquerors b/c skilled horsemen, bowmen and advanced weapon technology Grandsons Batu and the Golden Horde – conquered pts of Russia Kubla Khan – conquered parts of China – Yuan Dynasty Pax Mongolia – time of peace in empire Impact on Russia – absolutism and isolation - prevented Russia from progressing

Sec. 3 Global Trade/Interactions Expansion of Chinese Trade Han Dynasty – Silk Road – China to Russia and Asia Minor Zeng He of Ming Dynasty Goals: promote Chinese trade and collect tribute from less powerful lands Traveled: SE Asia, around coast of India and Arabian Peninsula to port cities of East Africa Canton – an important center for global trade

Major Trade Routes Across Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea – Asia and East Africa Land routes linked Asia, Middle East, North Africa, and Europe; China and the Silk Road through Russia and Constantinople Mediterranean Sea – Middle East to Europe

Resurgence of European Trade - impact of Crusades: cultural diffusion between Europe and East Rise of Italian city states – Venice, Genoa, Florence Trade fairs and growth of cities Hanseatic League – union of traders and merchants in Germany: Portugal established posts in Africa, India, Japan and China – spice trade

The Plague – Black Death (mid 1300’s) Began in China and spread through mid East, Africa and Europe Results: 1.↓ in population 2. economic decline 3. break down of social classes and feudalism

Resurgence of Europe 1,000-1300 Commercial Revolution – business revolution in Europe after the Middle Ages Rise of middle class ↑in trade, ↑ in towns/cities, Development of guilds led to 1.↑ quality of goods 2. provided social services for members (hospitals and aid to widows) 3. regulated hours and wages 4. masters and apprentices

Commercial Revolution 1300-1700 ↑ capitalism New business practices 1.partnership and joint stock companies 2.rise in banking 3.insurance

Renaissance 1300-1500 rebirth in learning Humanism – focus on the individual

Important People of Renaissance DaVinci - Painter, sculptor, inventor, Mona Lisa Michelangelo – Sculptor, Sistine Chapel, Statue of David Dante Author – Divine Comedy Shakespeare Comedies and tragedies Machiavelli -Author of The Prince (how to gain and maintain power)

Invention of printing press – 1400 1.↑books 2. ↑literacy 3. →cultural diffusion

Reformation and Counter Reformation Protestant Reformation 1500’s Causes: 1.Renaissance 2.strong monarchs 3.problems w/ church (corruption in church, taxes, selling indulgences) Leaders: Martin Luther and 95 Theses John Calvin – Calvinism Henry VIII- Anglican Church

Effects of Reformation division in church – Protestant churches 2. rise of anti-semitism 3. witch-hunt

Reforms in the Catholic Church Counter Reformation Reforms in the Catholic Church Pope Paul III - reform Catholic Church Council of Trent 1545 reaffirmed beliefs end abuses set up schools for clergy

Rise of Nation States Common Law – law that is the same for all people End of feudal era and beginning of European boundaries. England and France Common Law – law that is the same for all people Magna Carta – 1215 – limited powers of king Parliament becomes representative assembly Anglican Church becomes official church of England under Henry the VIII (1588)

African Civilizations Ghana Gold/salt trade West African states Strong Military – expanded empire Muslim influence in gov’t, and culture Mali - Mansa Musa - Gold Trade - Muslim influence –laws based on Quran - University at Timbuktu

Songhai West Africa Expanded trade route to Europe and Asia Muslim Influence Axum Linked Africa to India and Mediterranean world Jewish and Christian influence Contributions: Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry Literature – histories and folk tales in oral tradition and written form Education – university of Timbuktu becomes great center for learning

Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry Contributions: Art – ivory, wood, bronze, jewelry Literature – histories and folk tales in oral tradition and written form Education – university of Timbuktu becomes great center for learning