CNS/ATM Overview Aramco 4/21/2017 1:46 AM © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Agenda 1. Overview of CNS-ATM 2. FANS to RNP 3. RNP to PBN 4. PBN Concepts 5. Navigation Approvals 6. PBN Operational Summary This is the first of a three part overview of the world airspace structure. In this module we will look at the first two topics. In part two, we will continue the story with the spread of area navigation leading to performance based navigation. Finally, in part three we will put the pieces together and go through an operational summary.

Objectives Understand the evolution of the current airspace concept Know what CNS-ATM stands for and what it means Understand the advantages current technology allows Know how the domestic programs fit into the CNS-ATM Know where to get more information By the end of this session you will know what CNS/ATM stands for and how it evolved.

Optimize Airspace Congestion Costs The continued growth of traffic and the need to provide greater flight efficiency makes it necessary to optimize available airspace. This is being achieved world-wide by enhanced Air Traffic Management and by exploiting technological advancements in the fields of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance.

CNS-ATM Overview Communications Navigation Surveillance Air Traffic 4/21/2017 CNS-ATM Overview Communications Navigation Surveillance Air Traffic Management A plan was created to organize the development of airspace. The CNS/ATM is a worldwide structure allowing countries to optimize programs to their needs. CNS stands for Communications, Navigation and Surveillance. ATM stands for Air Traffic Management.

Domestic Modernization Plans ICAO US Europe From the global CNS/ATM system architecture member states develop national plans aimed at long range vision of implementing the ICAO directives using a range of technologies and procedures. The United States domestic plan is NextGen. The European equivalent plan is called Sesar.

NextGen Information ICAO CNS/ATM ADS-B is like a computer operating system for aircraft surveillance. It’s a platform that other developers can build useful tools that provide information such as weather & traffic. SWIM is a computer network system, managing information. DataComm is a move towards digital communication with ATC. Sesar NextGen ICAO CNS/ATM The CNS/ATM was created by ICAO. It defines the structure and pieces to create unified airspace across the globe. The national plans, such as NextGen include additional features and capabilities such as ADS-B, SWIM and DataComm.

Automatic Dependent Surveillance ADS B ADS C Broadcast Contract The B stands for broadcast. Aircraft broadcast their identity, position, altitude, speed and other information to ground stations, which in turn send that information to air traffic controllers and to other aircraft. This is a little different than ADS- C, or contract where a one-on-one contract is formed with ATC through a log-in during CPDLC operations.

ADS-B Implementation Although ADS-B has many benefits to the flight crew, it’s main attributes are reducing costs and increasing capabilities for ATM. Therefore airlines have pushed for slower implementation while increasing RNP approaches. Initially ADS-B is being implemented in areas where radar coverage is less such as Canada and the North Atlantic.

Data Comm Data Communications will support the NextGen vision by: providing data transmissions directly to pilots and their flight management systems enabling more efficient operations trajectory-based routing that evolves air traffic from short-term tactical control to managing flights strategically gate-to-gate. Data Comm represents the first phase of the transition from the current analog voice system to an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) compliant system in which digital communication becomes an alternate and eventually predominant mode of communication.

SWIM System Wide Information Management The System Wide Information Management program updates the computing network for more efficient operation.

NextGen Information More information can be found on the FAA website. Now back to the big picture.

Air Traffic Management Benefits Air Traffic Management Enhanced safety Increased system capacity; optimized use of airport capacity Reduced delays Reduced flight operating costs More efficient use of airspace; more flexibility; reduced separations More dynamic flight planning; better accommodation of optimum flight profiles Reduced controller workload/Increased productivity Communications More direct/efficient air/ground links Improved data handling Reduced channel congestion Reduced communications errors Interoperability across applications Reduced workload Navigation Better services Improved 4 D navigation accuracy Cost savings Better airport and runway utilization Approaches for more airports Reduced pilot workload Surveillance Reduced error in position reports Surveillance in non-radar airspace Cost saving Better controller responsiveness to flight ---profile changes Conformance monitoring Improved emergency assistance Here are some of the planned benefits of each of the components of the CNS-ATM. Now to better understand the new system, let’s take a brief look at how it evolved.

CNS Evolution Overview 4/21/2017 CNS Evolution Overview FANS Fans committee creates CPDLC, Datalink & RNPC (RNP Capability) mostly used over the ocean CNS/ATM RNP New committee creates new worldwide CNS/ATM based on FANS revises RNPC to RNP CNS/ATM PBN RNP redefined under new Performance Based Navigation part of CNS/ATM 1983-1988 Early 1990’s 2008 Here’s an overview of the evolution to CNS/ATM. Notice that RNP is in each part, and it is continually modified. Let’s now begin the story.

Future Air Navigation System FANS to RNP Special Committee Future Air Navigation System In 1983 ICAO chartered a Special Committee to study the current air traffic infrastructure and recommend changes for a Future Air Navigation System (FANS) to support the anticipated growth in air traffic over the next 25 years.

South Pacific Their quest led them to the remote waters of the south pacific, where only procedural control existed.

Control Positive Control Procedural Control Where are you? We are here Aircraft are operated using two major methods; Positive Control and Procedural Control. Positive Control is used in areas which have radar. Procedural Control is used in areas (such as oceanic and landmasses) which do not have radar. The FANS concept was developed to improve the safety and efficiency of airplanes operating under Procedural Control.

Taking Advantage of Technology The key was to use new satellite and aircraft technology to allow on-board sensing and transmission of position, rather than rely on position reports over the HF radios.

FANS Subsystems Communications Navigation Surveillance FANS 4/21/2017 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) is a two-way data link exchange of flight clearances, instructions and requests between ATC and the airplane. Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) is an airplane-to-ground function only Communications Navigation Surveillance CPDLC and ADS-C are the major FANS functions, improving position reporting communications. These functions later formed the basis of the Communications and Surveillance sections of CNS-ATM. One key attribute of a position report though, is that it is only as good as the accuracy of the report.

RNP Origin RNPC Communications Navigation Surveillance The aircraft equipment must maintain a specified accuracy Communications Navigation Surveillance RNPC So the special committee on future air navigation developed the concept of Required Navigation Performance Capability (RNPC). This was the foundation for the future Navigation structure.

FANS-1 These satellites are getting very close In the early 1990s, the Boeing Company announced a first generation FANS product known as FANS-1. It was implemented as a software package on the Flight Management Computer of the Boeing 747-400. It used existing satellite based ACARS communications and was targeted at operations in the South Pacific Oceanic region. The deployment of FANS-1 was originally justified by improving route choice and thereby reducing fuel burn.

FANS-1/A A similar product (FANS-A) was later developed by Airbus for the A-340 and A-330. Boeing also extended the range of aircraft supported to include the Boeing 777 and 767. Together, the two products are collectively known as FANS-1/A. The term FANS-1/A is still used for CPDLC / ADS-C operations.

CNS-ATM Integrates the Regional Applications Informal South Pacific Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group The Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD) is the result of the progressive evolution of the FANS 1/A Operations. North Atlantic FANS Implementation Group Later, data link operations spread to the North Atlantic. Each of the two founding documents provided guidance on a regional basis. However, in recognition of the need to provide globally harmonized guidance on data link operations, the GOLD became effective on 14 June 2010.

GOLD Performance Based Specifications Data collection guidance, monitoring and analysis The Global Operational Data Link Document, updates the guidance and reorganizes the contents of the founding documents. This includes the incorporation of performance-based specifications and associated guidance on data collection, monitoring, and analysis.

Report Special committee on future air navigation General Concept of Separation Panel The FANS report was published in 1988 and laid the basis for the industry's future strategy for ATM through digital CNS using satellites and data links. Work then started on the development of the technical standards needed to realize the FANS Concept. ICAO took the report and assigned it to new panel. The new panel formalized and expanded the FANS concepts to the whole world.

CNS/ATM Summary FMS technology with on-board inertial reference systems allowed for self contained area navigation and position sensing. Satellite technology allowed for more accurate position sensing and transmission. The RNP Capability concept was created to ensure accurate results. Datalink on-board the aircraft was used to transmit position information via satellite. These operations initially were tried in the South Pacific to provide more fuel efficient routes. The concepts were later integrated into a world-wide structure based on area navigation and reduced the dependency on ground based navigation aids. This new structure has many benefits including reduced congestion, less pollution, cost savings and increased safety among others. FANS proved certain technologies to attain new capabilities. Part 2 continues the story of how the system expanded to allow countries all over the world to create airspace that we can seamlessly cross and partake of many benefits.

Be sure and watch the next module; See what happens to RNP!