Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Lithuanian environmental monitoring programme for radioactive materials Rima Ladygienė, PhD Radiation Protection Centre Lithuania

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Lithuania Republic population – 3,46 million licensees – more than 1350 sources – sealed more than 4500 practices – all except of irradiation and reprocessing of spent fuel, uranium mining sites, weapon test sites regulatory authority – Radiation Protection Centre, State Nuclear Energy Safety Inspectorate

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Environmental radiological monitoring - protection of the members of the public and environment Estimation of doses due to planned exposure situations (discharges from nuclear installations and hospitals) Estimation of doses due to existing exposure situations (global contamination and natural radiation) Estimation of exposure due to emergency exposure situations

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Main objective of the environmental radiological monitoring - dose assessment to public due to radioactivity in the environment based on relevant data from Environmental radiological monitoring (foodstuffs, air, drinking and surface water, sediments, wild animals meat, raw foodstuffs etc) Natural radiation (indoor radon, external radiation outside and due to building materials, cosmic radiation etc.) NORM (potassium fertilizers, building materials, stone wool, ceramics, cement factories etc.) Wood fuel (natural radionuclides and Cs-137) Discharges of from nuclear installations and hospitals (liquid and gaseous) Emergency exposure situations (air contamination due to accident in Japan) using generic dose assessment models (IAEA SRS-19)

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Objectives of the national environmental radiological monitoring Providing information to the public and EU member states (all data are available to public at sites Radiation protection Centre and Environmental Protection Agency Verification of discharges from nuclear installations and hospitals Providing of recommendations for reducing of exposure when it is necessary Providing early warning in case of emergency situations Maintaining competence for emergency situations

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Institutions in Lithuania involved in the environmental radiological monitoring Food, drinking water, construction materials, soil, natural radiation, NORM – Radiation Protection Centre (6 persons) Air, surface water, sediments, dose rate monitoring – Environmental Protection Agency (6 persons) Radionuclides in imported and exported food, feed, wild products, game – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (3 persons) Operator’s monitoring in vicinity of nuclear installations – Ignalina NPP and Radwaste Management Agency Scientific institutions involved – Institutes of Physics, Ecology, Botany Only national budget is used for routine monitoring For installation of laboratories – EU funds

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 EURATOM Treaty - environmental radiological monitoring data available According European Commission Recommendations of 8 June 2000 on the application of Article of the EURATOM Treaty concerning the monitoring of the levels of radioactivity in the environment for the purpose of assessing the exposure of the population as a whole Order of organization, implementation of national radiological monitoring and notification of the state and autonomous institutions, European Commission and public (approved by Minister of Environment and Minister of Health Care on 7 October 2002) 137 Cs, 90 Sr, gross alpha and gross beta are monitored in terrestrial and aquatic food samples (meat, milk, potatoes, cabbages, grain, fish) mushrooms are analysed for 137 Cs Drinking water are monitored for tritium, gross alpha and gross beta Data related mainly to global distribution of radioactivity, verification of discharges from regulated practices No regular data about radionuclides in soil

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 EURATOM Treaty - environmental radiological monitoring data available

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 EURATOM Treaty - early warning radiation monitoring network 22 stations - 9 PMS of Danish origin, 3 ALNOR of Finish origin, 10 AGIR of Lithuania origin, alarm threshold at 300 nSv/h

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 EURATOM Treaty - r adioactivity in fallout and aerosol sampling  5 stations (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Utena and Dūkštas)  gamma spectrometric and 90 Sr measurements in integrated samples (quarterly) are performed  gross beta  aerosol sampling station “JL-900 Snow White” is situated about 60 km from INPP  one ore situated in Vilnius and operated by Institute of Physics  integrating of 5-7 days sample  counting by gamma spectrometry ( 7 Be, 137 Cs and 131 I)

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 EURATOM Treaty - r adioactivity in surface water and sediments of rivers and lakes, Baltic sea, lagun (HELCOM) 5 lakes, 9 rivers  from major inland waters and from coastal waters  average flow rate (for river waters) during the sampling period should be reported  gamma emitting radionuclides are monitored (gross beta excluding 40 K) 13 Cs, 90 Sr in water and sediments 238 Pu-238, 239/240 Pu in sediments from lakes

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Special national projects, related with radioactivity in the environment 2007 “Complex radiological investigations of environment of Ignalina NPP (flora and fauna, soil, ground and drinking water, food, air, external radiation) with the aim of determination of impact of exposure on humans and environment in the region of Ignalina NPP” (Radiation Protection Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Institute of Physics and Institute of Botany made different investigations with the aim to prepare for evaluation and forecast of impact of the decommissioning of Ignalina NPP) 2008 „Complex radiological investigations with the aim to assess and prognosis the impact to humans due to decommissioning process in the Ignalina NPP region” (continuation, assessment doses of exposure, creation of data base) Possibility to indicate NPP impact

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Natural radiation - monitoring of indoor radon and radon in drinking water Hygiene Standard HN 85:2003 “Natural Exposure. Standards of Radiation Protection” more than 3000 measurements starting year 1995 average concentration 32 Bq/m 3, annual dose 0,81 mSv average in drinking water 16 Bq/l, maximum –50 Bq/l (limitation – 100 Bq/l)

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Natural radiation - ambient external gamma dose monitoring 32 different locations at two regions and 4 cities 6 month duration of exposition measurement by TLD annual effective dose 0.59 mSv mSv

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Natural radiation - monitoring of radioactivity in NORM industry Radiological research (dose rate measurements, sampling and radiological investigations) dose assessment was done for industry Petroleum refining company Gas transporting pipelines Stevedoring company (potassium fertilizers storage and transportation to the ships) Phosphoric fertilizers manufacturing and waste storage Drinking water purification Building materials manufacturing companies (ceramics) Heating plants, using wood and coal Cement and stone wool (gaseous 210 Po and 210 Pb due to usage of high temperatures) Maintenance of boilers and clinker ovens, decommissioning

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Natural radiation - monitoring of radioactivity in wood fuel industry Discharges from combustion plant stacks due to 137 Cs in wood fuel Lithuanian wood and wood fuel products were investigated as well as fuel imported from Ukraine, Russia (Kaliningrad region) and Belarus Assessment of the effective dose for members of a critical group:  due to the effluents from the combustion power plant stacks  due to usage of ash produced in combustion plants

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 No environmental radiological monitoring programs for discharges from medical installations Norms of Radionuclide Discharges from Medical, Industrial, Agriculture Installations and During Scientific Research and on the Permitting of Radioactive Discharges (LAND ) Dose assessment to the members of critical groups, permissions for discharges, annual reporting Hospital using radiopharmaceuticals for treatment installed 2 tanks with capacity 150 m 3 each (operator’s monitoring of radioactivity in the tank before discharge to sewage plant)

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Quality control systems of 3 main national radiological laboratories Laboratories Radiation Protection Centre National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute are accredited according requirements of ISO Laboratory of Environmental Protection Agency has sertification Laboratories of scientific institutes has permissions for monitoring of radioactivity in the environment (quality control systems are created) according Decree of Minister of Environment

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Radiological monitoring in emergency situations Document approved on 06 October 2003 by Order of Minister of Environment and Minister of Health Care Order of sampling in case of nuclear and radiological accident prepared on the basis of recommendations of IAEA responsible institutions acting in case of emergency approved by Governmental Decree in 2010 typical sampling protocols and sampling instructions field exercises every year for different institutions

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Radiation Protection Centre Capabilities in performing analyses of nuclear or radioactive material of unknown origin, mobile laboratory and team of experts

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Transboundary issues – preparedness for monitoring of discharges In future plans - 2 neighboring NPP in were close distance to the national Lithuanian boarder (Kaliningrad region and Belorussia), new NPP in Lithuania (2 units) Background measurements are going on at sites close to new NPP

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Special national projects, related with radiation in the environment and transboundary issues Radioactivity in soil profile started in 2007 at Radiation Protection Centre net 10x10 km, gamma radionuclides,depth-30 cm, 6 sub-samples, 5 cm core radon gas in soil dose rate measurement

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Doses for public in Lithuania, total 2.6 mSv per year 31,46% 3,11% 12,82% 23,69% 3,88% 0,19% 8,54% 16,31% INDOOR RADON EXTERNAL GAMMA DOSE KOSMIC RADIATION EXTERNAL EXPOSURE DUE TO BUILDING MATERIALS MEDICAL EXPOSURE RADIONUCLIDES IN FOOD AND DRINKING WATER RADON OUTSIDE POLUTION DUE TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS IN OPEN AIR

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 National perspectives on the radiation protection of the environment - from the view of radiation protection regulatory side All practices are regulated regarding radiation protection issues Discharges are limited and regulated due to the doses to members of critical groups National public exposure monitoring program for year is under preparation Establishment of National public exposure monitoring data basis is planned in next year Upgrading laboratories is going on All possible sources of public exposure are monitored and dose assesment are performed on routine basis

Topical Day on Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Oslo, 2011 Thank you for attention – spring in Lithuania