Kelvin Chan 12Joy

 Location: Eastern Africa

 Population 12,337,138 (July 2014 est.) ◦ Most densely populated country in Africa  Independence from Belgium since 1, July 1962  Economy: ◦ Mainly subsistence is agriculture.

 Human Development Index: 0.56, Rank 151 out of 187  Low human development  Life Expectancy: years  Population Growth Rate: 2.63%(2014 est.)  School Life Expectancy: 10 years  Total Fertility Rate: 4.62 children born/woman (2014 est.)  Education Expenditure: 5.1 % of GDP (2013)  Dependency Ratio: 80.2% ◦ Youth Dependency Ratio: 75.8% ◦ Elderly Dependency Ratio: 4.4%

 GDP: $7.452 Billion (U.S)  GDP per capita: $1430 USD  Labor force: Million  Labor Force- by occupation: 90% Agriculture, 10% industry and services  Public Debt: 23.5% of GDP with a global rank of 129.  Gini index: 46.8 / 0.468%

 HDI: 0.56, Rank 151 out of 187  Low human development  School Life Expectancy: 10 years  Dependency Ratio: 80.2% ◦ Youth Dependency Ratio: 75.8% ◦ Elderly Dependency Ratio: 4.4%  GDP per capita: $1430 USD

 Landlocked Country  Periodic Droughts  Deforestation  uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel.

 Environment: Deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching  Natural hazards: Periodic droughts, seasonally floods

 Corruption: Relatively well compared to most African countries. Corruption remains prevalent nonetheless e.g: tax collection, public funds and judicial corruption.  Political instability  Genocide 1994 ◦ Exorcised by a Hutu controlled government against a Tutsi minority ◦ 2003, Rwanda republic government imposed a new constitution helping to reunite and reconciliate Rwandans.

Definition  An economy that has a poverty cycle has some characteristics such as a big population, low income levels thus which leads to low savings and investment.  Low investment leads to low levels of productivity. With low productivity incomes cannot increase and thus stay low.  A poverty cycle is difficult to deal and get out of.

 Rwanda’s per capital income is so low that it falls below the top 10 poverty-struck nations in the world.  The 1994 war obliterated the country’s economy, social fabric, human resource base, and institutions.  Education and Health care are the important aspects and in a poverty struck country many of those receive none of these.

 A big chunk of the adult population of Rwanda is illiterate, particularly women.  Three main languages have been taught in Rwanda: Kinyarwanda, French and English. 74% was the enrollment rate in primary education in 2004.

 Rapidly increasing since the genocide that took place in  visited the country  $200 million increase in revenue  increased 14% over 2009

 Important job creation potential  Employment intensive sector  Tourism sector growth = create jobs  Accounts for ◦ 6% of world trade ◦ 9% of Global GDP ◦ 8% Exports from LDCs (Rwanda)

 Requesting loans for education in rural areas in Rwanda Improve education level & teachers  literacy rate  Expand school system; amount of school in rural areas  Education based on teaching  Increase average school years Develop more skills in different industries

Education For All - Fast Track Initiative Catalytic Fund Bridge Grant  Increase access of education after the 1994 conflict. Poverty Reduction Support Credit 1 (Health, Water, Energy, Education)  Money support to reduce poverty, increase more school and the average school years.

 Cost estimation: $8 million USD ◦ Primary education – 3 million ◦ Teacher’s training (secondary teacher) – 2 million ◦ Building School – 3 million Observation 5 years  primary sufficient? proceed secondary ? ◦ From 2015 on around US$ per month for 5 years.

 " Rwanda - Life Expectancy at Birth." Life Expectancy Improves in Rwanda. Country Economics, n.d. Web. 1 Dec  "Rwanda." Data. World Bank Org, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Projects & Operations." Projects : Education For All. World Bank Org, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Projects & Operations." Projects : Poverty Reduction Support Credit 1 (Health, Water, Energy, Education) | The World Bank. World Bank Org, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Rwanda Demographics Profile 2014." Rwanda Demographics Profile Indexmundi, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "GDP (PPP) & GDP Growth & Inflation in Rwanda." Lebanese Economy Forum. Mudit92.wordpress, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Geographic and Governmental Profile of Rwanda." Geographic and Governmental Profile of Rwanda. Lebanese-economy-forum, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Resources For." The Success of Tourism in Rwanda - Gorillas and More. World Bank Org, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  Policies to Promote Development." Policies to Promote Development. Economicsonline, n.d. Web. 01 Dec  "Education in Rwanda." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Nov Web. 01 Dec. 2014