Unit VIII - The Middle Ages in Europe Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Right Reserved

1. Early Period A. Reasons for advances in civilization in western Europe A. Reasons for advances in civilization in western Europe B. Invasions from the east B. Invasions from the east C. The Franks C. The Franks 1. Clovis 1. Clovis 2. Charles Martel 2. Charles Martel 3. Charlemagne 3. Charlemagne 4. Downfall 4. Downfall

2. Other Invasions A. Muslims A. Muslims B. Magyars B. Magyars C. Vikings C. Vikings

3. The Basic Economic and Political Principles of The Middle Ages A. Feudalism (Notes + Handout) A. Feudalism (Notes + Handout) B. The Manor Economy B. The Manor Economy C. Men v Women C. Men v Women D. Chivalry D. Chivalry E. The Serf E. The Serf

4. Video

5. The Roman Catholic Church A. Importance A. Importance B. What were the social/political/spiritual services? B. What were the social/political/spiritual services? 1. protection to travelers 1. protection to travelers 2. hospitals 2. hospitals 3. care for the hopeless 3. care for the hopeless 4. schools 4. schools 5. unifying influence 5. unifying influence 6. Peace of Christ 6. Peace of Christ 7. hope 7. hope 8. redemption and salvation 8. redemption and salvation conclusion – An interim government with religious importance conclusion – An interim government with religious importance

6. The Rural Church, Littlington, Sussex, England

7. City Church – Florence, The Baptistery of Santa Maria del Fiore

8. The Main Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore - Florence

9. Church Hierarchy A. What was the class structure or hierarchy of the church? A. What was the class structure or hierarchy of the church? 1. Pope 1. Pope 2. Cardinals 2. Cardinals 3. Archbishops 3. Archbishops 4. Bishops 4. Bishops 5. Priests 5. Priests

10. Terms/Beliefs 10. Terms/Beliefs A. Holy Book A. Holy Book B. Excommunication B. Excommunication C. Interdict C. Interdict D. Tithe D. Tithe E. Beliefs: E. Beliefs: 1. Sacraments 1. Sacraments 2. Scriptures 2. Scriptures 3. Canon Law 3. Canon Law

11. Problems in the Church A. Too much wealth and power B. Worldliness of the clergy C. Monks and nuns ignored their vows

12. Reform Movements A. What were the Cluniac Reforms? B. How did Pope Gregory VII (1073) attempt to reform the church? C. What changes took place in church practices?

13. Reforms of Nuns, Monks, and Special Orders of Priests D. Berno of Cluny D. Berno of Cluny E. Francis of Assisi – Franciscans E. Francis of Assisi – Franciscans F. Dominic – Dominicans F. Dominic – Dominicans G. Ignatius Loyola – Jesuits G. Ignatius Loyola – Jesuits A. Hildegard of Bingen A. Hildegard of Bingen B. Theresa of Avila B. Theresa of Avila C. Benedict – Benedictine Rule C. Benedict – Benedictine Rule

14. Special Orders of Priests St. Francis St. Francis

15. Church of Santa Croce – Florence, Italy

16. The Medieval Church and Judaism A. The Diaspora of the Jews by the Romans - 135AD A. The Diaspora of the Jews by the Romans - 135AD B. Sephardic Jews B. Sephardic Jews C. Jews in the Muslim World C. Jews in the Muslim World D. German Jews D. German Jews E. Anti-Semitism E. Anti-Semitism

17. The work of the monks at The Monastery of Iona, Ireland The Book of Kells is one of the most famous books in the history of the world and was completed in about 800 AD. The vellum (calfskin) manuscript contains transcriptions of the four Gospels, lavishly illustrated and ornamented. It is the most elaborate manuscript of its kind to survive from the early Middle Ages. The scribes and artists who created the Book were Columban monks who lived in a monastery on the remote island of Iona, off the west coast of Scotland. The monastery was founded late in the sixth century by an Irish monk, St Colm Cille. At the time the book was produced, Irish monks were renowned throughout the rest of Europe for their work as scribes and illustrators. The Book of Kells is one of the most famous books in the history of the world and was completed in about 800 AD. The vellum (calfskin) manuscript contains transcriptions of the four Gospels, lavishly illustrated and ornamented. It is the most elaborate manuscript of its kind to survive from the early Middle Ages. The scribes and artists who created the Book were Columban monks who lived in a monastery on the remote island of Iona, off the west coast of Scotland. The monastery was founded late in the sixth century by an Irish monk, St Colm Cille. At the time the book was produced, Irish monks were renowned throughout the rest of Europe for their work as scribes and illustrators.

18. Agricultural Revolution What were the inventions of the agricultural revolution? What were the inventions of the agricultural revolution? A. iron plows A. iron plows B. new harnesses B. new harnesses C. horses as draft animals C. horses as draft animals D. 3 field system D. 3 field system E. windmills E. windmills F. waterwheels F. waterwheels

19. Trade - The Commercial Revolution A. Trade Fairs A. Trade Fairs B. New Towns and Cities B. New Towns and Cities C. Constantinople C. Constantinople D. Terms: D. Terms: 1. capital 1. capital 2. insurance 2. insurance 3. bill of exchange 3. bill of exchange 4. cash economy and serfdom 4. cash economy and serfdom 5. town charters 5. town charters 6. usury 6. usury 7. guilds 7. guilds 8. apprentice 8. apprentice

20. A 13 th century castle outside of Tivoli, Italy

21. Important Terms A. vassal A. vassal B. fief B. fief C. knight C. knight D. chivalry D. chivalry E. manor E. manor F. serf F. serf G. secular G. secular H. sacrament H. sacrament I. canon law I. canon law J. excommunication J. excommunication K. interdict K. interdict L. tithe L. tithe M. anti-Semitism M. anti-Semitism N. charter N. charter O. capital O. capital P. usury P. usury Q. guild Q. guild R. apprentice R. apprentice S. monastery S. monastery T. convent T. convent U. feudalism U. feudalism V. role of the church V. role of the church