04/10/2007CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID1 Engineering school, Nancy, FRANCE 5 th and last year 1 year as ERASMUS students Project about Transportation of natural gas from Hammerfest to Norrbotten and Northern Finland Thibaut CARTIGNYGuillaume PRADURAT

Melköya, Hammerfest 30 years Semi-trailer Train Pipeline Ship Introduction 2CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Liquefaction Liquefying plant 2.5 G$ 1-15 Mtons LNG/ year 6TWh equivalent to tons 3CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

-Warm the gas in a controlled environment - Either a big plant or small ones -Small plants: from 23 to 1500m 3, from to 10M$. - Big plant: from to 1M m 3, around 500M$. Regasification 4CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID The total demand of LNG in Norrbotten and in the north part of Finland Total [GWh] Area Area ,3 Area Sum [GWh] 6037,3 5CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID 04/10/2007

Transportation by semi-trailers Size: 50 m3 of LNG per truck so 0.3GWh 800km of road from Hammerfest to Kiruna or to Lulea 1.5 hours for loading and same unloading Cost: $ This option Needs: – 330 trucks at the same time for 6TWh per year!! – Many small re-gasification plant But the cost doesn’t depend of the demand 6CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

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Transportation by trains Size: 30 wagons per train, one wagon transports 110 m3 of LNG so 690MWh 500km of railway between Narvik and Lulea 2 travels per week per train maximum to distribute all destination so 2TWh per year Cost: 135$/day/wagon This option needs: – One ship between Hammerfest and Narvik – 3 trains for 6TWh – One tank per destination because the train can’t wait – Some trucks for the industries far from the railway – Many small re-gasification plants 8CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Transportation by ship Size: between and cubic meter of LNG m3 of LNG represent 750GWh 4000km from Hammerfest to Lulea so 1 week For 6TWh we need 8 ships per year, one ship every 45 days One ship consumes 1080 tons of gas per travel Cost: 150 millions $ This option needs: – One ship – One big terminal next to Lulea – A network of pipeline to distribute gas to each industry 9CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Transportation by pipeline Pipes, compression stations, valves… The gas is moved by the pressure gradient The pressure is around 70bars For 10TWh/year, we need a 8” main pipe For 40TWh/year, we need a 16” main pipe Power installed: 11MW for 10TWh, 50MW for 40TWh Nearly no leakage, pipeline buried, very few accidents No terrorism in Northern Scandinavia Compressors driven by electrical motors Compressors themselves environmentally friendly 10CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Pipelines planning 11CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Pipelines economy 10TWh Capacity per year6 TWh Cost per year for transportation only7,2 M$ Cost per MWh for transportation only1,2 $/MWh Cost per MWh on 10 years with investment8,1 $/MWh Cost per MWh on 30 years with investment3,5 $/MWh 40TWh Capacity per year6 TWh Cost per year for transportation only32,4 M$ Cost per MWh for transportation only5,4 $/MWh Cost per MWh on 10 years with investment18,4 $/MWh Cost per MWh on 30 years with investment9,7 $/MWh 12CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Comparison of the different options for a demand of 6TWh per year and without the cost for extraction of natural gas 13CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID Type of transport Cost in $/MWh with a paying off investment in 10 years Cost in $/MWh with a paying off investment in 30 years Construction time including study Capacity maximum that can transport per year Ship years26TWh (re-gasify plant capacity) Train9.95 (13.15 if not next to a railway) 8.28 (11.48 if not next to a railway) 3 years~8TWh (4 trains) Truck year~1TWh (55 trucks) Pipeline, 10TWh 8,113,515-6 years10TWh Pipeline, 40TWh 17,719,115-6 years40TWh 04/10/2007

Comparison of all options in function of the demand with a paying off investment in 10 years 14CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Comparison of all options in function of the demand with a paying off investment in 30 years 15CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Demand of roughly 6TWh per year at the moment Either on environmental or economical point of views, the best way is to start with trucks until 1TWh, then to continue with pipelines The size of the pipeline will depend on the demand for the next 30 years Trains could be used until 8TWh during the construction of the pipeline Ships are too expensive compared to the others Conclusion 16CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID04/10/2007

Thanks for your attention ! CARTIGNY PRADURAT TEDELID1704/10/2007