Vector, Scalar and Units Review. Vector vs. Scalar Definitions: Vectors are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by both its magnitude and.

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Presentation transcript:

Vector, Scalar and Units Review

Vector vs. Scalar Definitions: Vectors are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by both its magnitude and direction. Scalars are any quantity in physics that can be characterized by magnitude only.

What is Magnitude? To keep is simple, magnitude can be thought of the value associated with a vector or scalar quantity. Ex. A boy runs 100 meters in the northerly direction in 20 seconds. What is the magnitude of his average velocity? Ans. Note: magnitude is the value 5 m/s, which is also the scalar component of the velocity vector. In this example, it is the speed.

d Stands for? Displacement or distance The Units are? meters (m) Displacement is a vector quantity. Distance is a scalar quantity.

v Stands for? Velocity or speed The Units are? meters per second (m/s) Velocity is a vector quantity. Speed is a scalar quantity, and is the magnitude of the velocity vector.

a, a c Stands for? Acceleration a c represents centripetal acceleration, which is an inward directed acceleration that applies to objects moving in circular paths. The Units are? meters per second 2 (m/s 2 ) Acceleration is a vector quantity.

m Stands for? mass The Units are? kilograms (kg) Mass is a scalar quantity.

t Stands for? time The Units are? seconds (s) Time is a scalar quantity.

F, F g, F e Stands for? Force F g = mg, is the force due to gravity or weight. F e is an electrostatic force. The Units are? Newtons (N) Force is a vector quantity

p Stands for? Momentum = m  v The Units are? Kilogram-meter per second (kg  m/s) momentum is a vector quantity.

J Stands for? Impulse = F  t The Units are? Newton-second (N  s) Impulse is a vector quantity.

r Stands for? Radial distance between two points or objects. The Units are? meters (m) r is a scalar quantity

E Stands for? Electric Field Intensity or Strength. The Units are? N/C (F/q) V/m (V/d) Electric Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

q Stands for? Charge Units are? Coulombs (C) Alternate symbol representation: Q or e Charge is a scalar quantity.

I Stands for? Current (Flow of positive charge). Units are? Amperes (A) Current is a scalar quantity

V Stands for? Volts / Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potential The Units are? Volts Electric Potential is a scalar quantity.

R Stands for? Resistance (An electrical property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to flow of electrons in relation to an electrical potential.) The Units are? Ohms (Ω) Resistance is a scalar quantity.

 Stands for? Resistivity (A natural property of a material that is a measure of the resistance to the flow of electrons.) The Units are? Ω  m

A Stands for? Cross-sectional area (of a conductor). The Units are? m 2

L Stands for? Length (of a conductor). The Units are? m

E May also be represented by U or W Stands for? Energy The Units are? Joules (J) Energy is a scalar quantity.

W Stands for? Work The Units are? Joules (J) Work is a scalar quantity.

P Stands for? Power The Units are? Watts (W) Joule per second (J/s) Power is a scalar quantity.

B Stands for? Magnetic Field Intensity. The Units are? Tesla (T) Magnetic Field Intensity is a vector quantity.

c Stands for? Speed of light The Units are? m/s The Value is? 3.0 x 10 8 m/s

f Stands for? Frequency (The number of waves that pass a point in space per unit of time.) The Units are? Hertz (Hz), cycles/second, or (1/s) Frequency is a scalar quantity.

T Stands for? Period (The time required for a wave to complete 1 cycle, or one wavelength.) The Units are? Seconds (s) The period is a scalar quantity.

λ Stands for? Wavelength (The distance at which a wave will repeat the same pattern over again.) The Units are? Meters (m) Wavelength is a scalar quantity

n Stands for? Index of refraction (property of a material that is used to determine both the speed of light in that material and the amount that the light will bend.) Quantum energy level. The Units are? None

θ i, θ r, θ 1, θ 2 Stands for? Angle of incidence (θ i ) Angle of reflection (θ r ) Angle of incidence (θ 1 ) Angle of refraction (θ 2 ) All angles are relative to a normal to the surface.

h Stands for? Planck's Constant The Units are? Joule second (J. s) The value is: x J. s

k Stands for? Electrostatic constant The Units are? Newtons meters 2 / Coulombs 2 (Nm 2 /C 2 ) The Value is: 8.99 x 10 9 Nm 2 /C 2

e Stands for? Elementary charge Charge on a proton or electron The Units are? Coulombs (C) The Value is: 1.6 x C

Kinematics NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol Distance / Displacementdmeters m Timetsecondss Velocity / Speedvmeters / secondm/s Accelerationameters / second 2 m/s 2

Forces NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol ForceFNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Net ForceF net = maNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Normal ForceF N or NNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Tensional ForceF T or TNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Weight / Gravitational ForceF g or W = mgNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) FrictionFfFf NewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Centripetal ForceF c = mv 2 /rNewtonN (kg·m/s 2 ) Coefficient of Friction

Work & Energy NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol WorkW = FdJoule or Newton - meterJ or Nm Potential EnergyPEJouleJ Kinetic EnergyKE = ½mv 2 JouleJ Internal Energy / HeatQJouleJ PowerPWattW or J/s MomentumP = mvKilogram-meter/secondkg ∙m/s ImpulseJ = FtNewton-secondN ∙s Spring ConstantkNewton/meterN/m or kg/s 2

Electrostatics NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol Electrostatic ForceFeFe NewtonN Electric Field IntensityENewtons/Coulomb Volts/Meter N/C V/m ChargeQ, qCoulombsC

Current Electricity NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol CurrentIAmperesA Voltage / Potential Difference / Electric Potent. VVoltsV ResistanceROhms  Resistivity  Ohm – meter  m Cross-sectional AreaAMeters 2 m2m2 LengthLMetersm PowerPWatts Joules/second W J/s EnergyEJoulesJ WorkWJoulesJ

Magnetism NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol Magnetic Field IntensityBTeslaT

Waves NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol SpeedvMeters/secondm/s Speed of LightcMeters/secondm/s Wavelength Metersm FrequencyfHertz (Hz) 1/seconds 1/s PeriodTTime (seconds)s

Light & Optics NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol Index of RefractionnNone Angle of Incidence  i, or  1 Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Reflection rr Degrees / Radians o, Rad Angle of Refraction 22 Degrees / Radians o, Rad

Constants NameSymbolUnit NameSymbol Planck’s Constanth6.626 E-34 J. s Electrostatic Constantk8.99 E9 N. m 2 /C 2 The elementary Chargee1.6 E-19 C

Vector or Scalar? ScalarsVectors DistancePowerDisplacementMomentum SpeedChargeVelocityImpulse MassCurrentAccelerationElectric Field Strength TimeVoltageForce WorkResistanceWeightMagnetic Field Strength EnergyWavelengthNormal Force Kinetic EnergyFrequencyTension Pot. EnergyPeriodFriction Elect. EnergyCentripetal Force Internal Energy