Informing Your Audience

 What are some goals of informative Speaking?

 1-Instruction-Increase audience understanding and awareness through new information  2-Explanation-Defining information and giving meaning to something, clarify ideas already known but maybe not understood well.  3-Enlighten rather than advocate

 Show audience early on why they should care  Social significance  Present NEW and interesting information-stats, facts, etc.  Use appropriate org. pattern-chronology, spatial, etc.  Use clear transitions between ideas  Include Introduction, Body, Conclusion  Use credible sources and cite sources

1. Objects -anything not human -anything tangible (you can see or touch) -Ex. new medical devices, new technology  Can Discuss… Their origin, construction, function, symbolic or concrete meaning.

2. People  Biographic speeches  Significant individuals (historic people, groups) -Ex. Martin Luther King Jr.  Be selective in material you present  Avoid reciting facts a  Can Discuss… Their basic biographies, compelling characteristics, noteworthy achievements, anecdotes about overcoming obstacles, impact and contributions they have made

3. Events -noteworthy occurrences from past or present -Ex. Political, economic or social events (Holocaust)  Can Discuss… causes of event, importance of it, outcomes, etc..

4. Processes -a speech that describes a series of steps that lead to an end result or product-how something is done or works Ex.  How state laws are made  Human circulatory system  How the U.S. patent system works  How stem cells work

5. Issues -overview of problem in dispute, one that we seek conclusion for Ex. Global warming US border security

6. Concepts or ideas  Speeches about ideas or concepts are usually more abstract than other types of speeches.  They are usually on theories or abstract concepts Ex. Theories of evolution Communication theories Theories on economics Freedom of speech

 Information is communicated by defining, describing, demonstrating, and explaining These are the 4 approaches  Some speeches rely on one approach but there can be a combination of strategies

A - Definition - Conveying information by defining. -Focuses on addressing the meaning of a new or complex concept -Defining can take at least 5 forms 1-operational definition 2-definition by negation 3-definition by example 4-definition by synonym 5-definition by etymology

 B-Description -conveying info through a vivid portrayal of the subject -details that paint a mental picture  C - Demonstration -give step by step lesson on how something works  D - Explanation -involves providing reasons or causes and demonstrating relationships, offering interpretation and analysis  Organization of Informative Speech= topical, chronological, spatial, cause and effect

 Events-topical, chronological, causal, narrative  Processes-chronological, spatial, causal  Concepts-topical, causal, circular  Issues-topical, chronological, causal, circular