Studies of ADS by means of JINR Nuclotron Martin Suchopár Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Department of Nuclear Reactors, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague 14th session of the AER Working Group F - "Spent Fuel Transmutations" & 5th meeting of INPRO Project RMI - "Meeting energy needs in the period of raw materials insufficiency during the 21st century" Liblice, Czech Republic, April 10 – 12, 2012

2  Energy + Transmutation & Kvinta setup description  Method and models used in MCNPX simulations  Computation results  Beam monitoring and cross-section measurement  Conclusion Outline Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

3 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Energy + Transmutation Setup m natU = 206 kg

Kvinta 2010 and 2011 Setup 4 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta 2010 setup Kvinta 2011 setup 3 sections 4 detector plates Pb shielding 5 sections 6 detector plates no Pb shielding m natU = 315 kgm natU = 512 kg

5 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta-M 2011 Setup

6 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta-M 2011 Setup 120 r Target sections (U-238) p, d Y Z Beam window, Ø 80 March 2011 irradiation

7 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta-M 2011 Setup 900 beam entrance window 150×150 mm lead shielding 100 mm d 0 Y Z r section U-238 mounting pits for detector plates December 2011 irradiation

8 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta-M 2011 Setup

9 Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Irradiations Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Energy + Transmutation and Kvinta Irradiations Energy + Transmutation set-up Beam energy [GeV] Beam particlesYear Irradiation time [h:m] Integral beam flux [x10 13 ] 0.7 protons 20048: : : : deuterons 20068: : : Kvinta set-up 2.0 deuterons March : : : Decem : :241.93

10 Target «Quinta-М» QUINTA-M setup layout at the irradiation position Plate (700х400х16) Platform p, d SSNTD and AD positions on the QUINTA-M target surface Rails Beam window Pad with Pb foil monitor and SSNTD Detector plates Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Irradiations Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

11 QUINTA setup and equipment layout during an experiment at F-3 focus (December 2011) 3320 Beam extraction Ionization chamber Activation foil Profilometer QUINTA Polyethylene shielding Sc telescope 2 detectors Demon (NE213) ISOMER 20° 90° 160° Platform (turned by 2° relatively to the beam axis) detector Не 3 2 detectors Demon (NE213) 2 detectors Demon (NE213) 1)Activation detectors 2)Solid State Track detectors 3)NE213, Stilben neutron detectors 4)He-3 neutron detectors Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Irradiations Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

12 Main Objectives of the Kvinta Setup 1)To have another set-up for benchmark studies of neutron production and transport simulation codes (e.g. MCNPX code) 2)To have systematic of deuteron beams with energies above 1 GeV 3)To obtain strong source of neutrons for transmutation tests 4)Measurement of neutrons and delayed neutrons during low intensity beam irradiation by scintillation detectors 5)Measurement of neutron field during high intensity beam irradiation by threshold activation and solid state track detectors 6)Measurement of fission yields in thorium and natural uranium samples in fast neutron spectra Setup E+T setup Kvinta setup Irradiations Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

13 Setup Method Setup model MCNPX simulation Results Beam monitors Conclusion Comparison of E+T and Kvinta Setup E + T setup model Kvinta 2011 setup model 30 U rods54 U rods61 U rods

14 Setup Method Setup model MCNPX simulation Results Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta Setup with Lead Shielding Kvinta 2012 setup model 54 U rods61 U rods side viewtop view front view

MCNPX simulations 15 Used version MCNPX 2.7a Used Los Alamos la150n and la150h libraries All available physics models tested Most preferred combination of models – Bertini-Dresner (default) and INCL-ABLA (time-consuming computation but provides the most reliable results) Setup Method Setup model MCNPX simulation Results Beam monitors Conclusion

Kvinta neutron spectra 16 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta setup with Pb shielding simulated neutron spectra in Al foil

Kvinta neutron distribution 17 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta setup with Pb shielding 24Na yield in Al foils distribution in 4 GeV deuteron experiment samplesim yieldrel errorexp yieldrel errorexp/sim Al-13,20E-050,0065,08E-050,0141,590 Al-24,85E-050,0047,80E-050,0161,606 Al-32,40E-050,0072,99E-050,0121,248 Al-49,79E-060,0121,14E-050,0121,160 Al-54,60E-060,0205,00E-060,0101,086 Al-62,43E-050,0063,75E-050,0131,538 Al-71,18E-050,0091,42E-050,0121,206 Al-86,07E-060,0135,80E-060,0100,956 Al-91,33E-050,0091,44E-050,0101,078 Al-105,36E-060,0176,07E-060,0131,133 Al-111,40E-050,0091,72E-050,0111,228 Al-126,65E-060,0147,24E-060,0121,089 Al-137,51E-060,0128,51E-060,0121,134 Al-143,98E-060,0194,21E-060,0151,057 simulated and experimental yield per source deuteron per gram of activation material

Kvinta neutron distribution 18 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta setup with Pb shielding longitudinal neutron distribution normalization to the Al foil located on the target axis on the second detector plate

Kvinta neutron distribution 19 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta setup with Pb shielding radial neutron distribution normalization to the Al foil located on the target axis on the second detector plate

Simulated multiplicity – various models 20 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta 5 sections setup neutron multiplicity

Simulated multiplicity – various models 21 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta 5 sections setup with Pb shielding neutron multiplicity

Simulated multiplicity – various models 22 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta 5 sections setup neutron multiplicity per GeV

Simulated multiplicity – various models 23 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Kvinta 5 sections setup with Pb shielding neutron multiplicity per GeV

Simulated multiplicity – various models 24 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Comparison of Kvinta 5 sections setup with and without Pb shielding neutron multiplicity

Simulated multiplicity – various models 25 Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion Comparison of Kvinta 5 sections setup with and without Pb shielding neutron multiplicity per GeV

Neutron multiplicity from various models 26 Kvinta5 sections4 sections3 sections + Pb Model2 GeV4 GeV2 GeV4 GeV2 GeV4 GeV Bertini-ABLA Bertini-Dresner CEM INCL-ABLA INCL-Dresner ISABEL-ABLA ISABEL-Dresner Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion

Neutron multiplicity from various models 27 Kvinta5 sections5 sections + Pb Model1 GeV2 GeV4 GeV1 GeV2 GeV4 GeV Bertini-ABLA Bertini-Dresner CEM INCL-ABLA INCL-Dresner ISABEL-ABLA ISABEL-Dresner Setup Method Results neutron spectra neutron distribution MCNPX models Multiplicity in various models Beam monitors Conclusion

Beam Monitoring and xs Measurements 28  deuteron beam with energies of 1, 2, 4 and 6 GeV  common measurement of beam intensity using ionization chambers  aluminium and copper foils for beam monitoring  aluminium foil – integral number of deuterons determination, placed several meters away from the set-up  copper foil – deuteron cross-section measurement, placed together with the aluminium foil  copper foil cut into pieces – beam position and profile determination, placed directly on the beginning of the target  gold foil with aluminium standard – deuteron cross-section measurement, used in the most recent experiments (1 and 4 GeV)  copper foil – beam alignment with the target axis, placed on the back of the target (2, 4, 6 GeV experiments without Pb shielding) Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

Beam Monitors 29 Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Correction for Coincidences Peak area Dead time correction Self-absorption correction Decay during cooling and measurement Decay during irradiation Detector efficiency Beam instability correction  line –intensity per decay Correction for geometry change Square-emitter correction λ – decay constant, tirr – irradiation time, treal – real measurement time, tlive – live time of the detector, t0 – cooling time. Beam integral determination by Al foil

Beam Monitors 30 Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Nyield – total amount of produced 24Na nuclei, A – molar weight, σ - cross-section, m – weight of the foil, S – area of the foil, N A – Avogadro’s number.

Beam Monitors 31 Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion Cu foil cut into 16 pieces 2x2 cm 4 most active foils cut again into 16 pieces 1x1 cm example of beam position and shape determination (6 GeV exp) beam centrebeam FWHM xc 1.42 ± 0.05 cmxf 1.56 ± 0.05 cm yc ± 0.05 cmyf 2.24 ± 0.05 cm results from SSNTD (A. Potapenko) beam centrebeam FWHM xc 1.94 ± 0.10 cmxf 2.39 ± 0.20 cm yc 0.03 ± 0.10 cmyf 2.83 ± 0.20 cm results from activation foils (Řež group)

Conclusion 32  made detailed model of the new Kvinta setup consisting of uranium target and blanket  calculated neutron multiplicity of several modifications of the new Kvinta setup  simulated neutron spectra in diverse positions in the new Kvinta setup and obtained experiment/simulation yield ratios  studied dependency on various physics models included in MCNPX  performed beam integral, position, shape and alignment monitoring using aluminium and copper foils  performed deuteron cross-section measurements on copper and gold foils, data in evaluation process Setup Method Results Beam monitors Conclusion

33 Thank you for your attention