Global status report on non-satellite observing systems 7 th meeting of THORPEX DAOS WG, Montreal 15 th August 2014 Stefan Klink EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager Acknowledgements: Sabine Hafner (EUCOS OM), Tanja Kleinert (EUCOS QMC), Steve Stringer (E-AMDAR), Rudolf Krockauer (E-ASAP), Henrik Vedel (E-GVAP), Alexander Haefele (E-PROFILE), Pierre Blouch (E-SURFMAR), Elena Saltikoff (OPERA)

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles E-AMDAR: Key Developments during last year (to July 2014) Austrian Airlines Airbus fleet added – providing new destinations & wider coverage in eastern Europe Continuing increase in global aircraft observations – now 500,000 Obs per day (see figure) from 40+ airlines Working with WMO an “AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification” (AOSFRS) has been produced. This provides the primary WMO meteorological-based specification for AMDAR data uplink and downlink for ACARS to be used by any new participating airline or new AMDAR programme worldwide.

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles ASAP fleets Regular ASAP fleets: European E-ASAP - 18 ships under the umbrella of the European Meteorological Network EUMETNET, - 15 out of 18 ships are merchant ships in regular trans Atlantic service, - sounding area: North Atlantic (>90% of all soundings). Japanese ASAP - 3 governmental research ships, - sounding area: mainly North Pacific. plus Some further research vessels which transmit their data to the GTS

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles E-GVAP E-GVAP provides ground-based GNSS data (zenith delays, in some cases IWV). This is done in close collaboration with the geodetic community in Europe. The data are available in BUFR and ascii format. The GNSS data provide humidity information to the models, and are demonstrated to increase NWP model skill. Time resolution is high, spatial resolution varies with region.

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Wind profilers: a global player with positive impact Windprofilers provide vertical profiles of atmospheric wind automatically and in real time under nearly all weather conditions. Important networks include: Europe (30), Canada (9), United States (35), Japan (31), China (300), Australia (8). FSO studies revealed positive impact of windprofiler on forecast in assimilation system.FSO studies New developments of VAD (Lau et al. 2012, AMS) and spaced antenna (Lindseth et al. 2012, IEEE) windprofilers as well as new antenna designs (Imai et al., 2010, to improve data quality.Lau et al. 2012, AMSLindseth et al. 2012, IEEEhttps://global-sei.com [Lorenc and Marriott, 2013, QJRMS]Lorenc and Marriott, 2013, QJRMS Obs. Impact / day / obs. type

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Ceilometer and automatic lidars: growing national and continental networks Aerosol & Volcanic Ash Big growth of national operational lidar networks in Europe since eruptions of Icelandic volcanoes in 2010/2011 (e.g. France, Ireland, Germany, United Kingdom) South American operational lidar network for volcanic ash monitoring ( ) under development. Global inventory of lidar and ceilometer stations available: Strengthening of research aerosol lidar networks: EARLINET (Europe), MPLnet (global), AD-net (Asian), CLnet (China), …EARLINETMPLnetAD-net CLnet Global ceilometer inventory

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Global Surface Marine Observations Sea Level Pressure (SLP) remains an essential parameter for NWP that cannot be provided by the space observation segment Barometer buoys are the most efficient way to measure SLP Good coverage in North Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Lesser in tropical and South Atlantic. In progress in the Arctic. Insufficient in large areas of the Pacific Ocean. The total number of operating buoys increased over the past 12 months: 700 in June 2014 against 400 one year earlier. Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) provide complementary observations The number of visual observations (waves, visibility, clouds, past and present weather) is decreasing. Automation growth marks a pause but should restart within a couple of years: ~220 AWS at present. WMO urges Members to continue and increase their participation in JCOMM activies contributing in the Global Drifter Programme through the funding of barometer upgrades on standard oceanographic drifters (NOAA proposal) Increasing automation of the observation onboard ships

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles OPERA and world of radars Several network upgrades ongoing / tendering / planned (19 of 30 OPERA members) –majority of new radars are dual-polarization Several NWP models starting assimilation of reflectivity or precipitation, and Doppler velocity data

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Stop of transmission of data coded in Traditional Alphanumeric Code (TAC) WMO CBS agreement: …deadline of November 2014 to stop the parallel distribution of TAC and TDCF data for the category 1 (SYNOP and TEMP) as well as the category 2 (satellite observations) and 4 (marine data: SHIP and BUOY)… Plans to disseminate EUMETNET E-ASAP and E- AMDAR data in BUFR format only - from 3rd November onwards! BUFR migration status is monitored at ECMWF wiki page: UFR+Migration UFR+Migration

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Stop of transmission of data coded in Traditional Alphanumeric Code (TAC) Is everybody aware of –the aforementioned WMO CBS decision and –the possible consequence that those WMO Members (NMHS) might stop transmitting data in TAC formats who already providing BUFR encoded data in parallel?

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Supplemental materials

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles AMDAR: Continuing increase in global aircraft observations – now 500,000 Obs per day

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles E-AMDAR: Further activities to note Installation of humidity sensors on selected Lufthansa aircraft delayed until end 2014 so that they can be fitted to newer aircraft with longer expected lifetimes. Potential for extension of E-AMDAR to form basis of WMO European region AMDAR programme, documented as a draft AMDAR Regional Implementation Plan (A-RIP) E-AMDAR provided additional flights for the month of February to enhance observing at Sochi airport before and during the Winter Olympics. Three aircraft were migrated to reporting in new WIGOS AMDAR BUFR template ahead of planned complete switch in Nov 2014 Developments with use of Mode-S as a potential new source of aircraft observation data have advanced. EUMETNET have formed a Working Group to consider how this data may be produced as an operational service.

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Distribution of gobal ASAP soundings radiosoundings on the GTS 79% European E-ASAP fleet (18 ships) 7% Research vessel RV Polarstern 14% All other research vessels (mainly 3 Japanese ships)

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles E-GVAP E-GVAP provides EUMETNET partners with European ground based GNSS meteorological data (delays and in some cases IWV) for operational meteorology. This is done in close collaboration with the geodetic community in Europe. The E-GVAP data are available via GTS (BUFR) and ftp (compressed ascii format). (Restrictions apply to usage and furthering of the data to third parties, but they do enable usage in weather forecasting.) The GNSS data provide humidity information to the models, and are demonstrated to increase NWP model skill. The GNSS meteorological data have relatively high time resolution. The system is all weather capable. E-GVAP and NOAA/NCEP has agreed to use a common WMO approved BUFR template for distribution of ground based GNSS meteorological data. NOAA/NCEP data has recently become available via GTS (BUFR) and are also available via ftp. In combination there is data from about 2500 GNSS sites (see fig. slide 2) E-GVAP/EUMETNET and NOAA/NCEP encourage other met services with access to GNSS delay and IWV data to engage in a global exchange of the data, using the WMO approved BUFR format and GTS. Use egvap.dmi.dk and egvap.dmi.dk and for further information

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles E-GVAP

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Ship Observation Network

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Data Buoy Network (barometer buoys)

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Barometer Drifting Buoys

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles OPERA: 178 radars Radar spacing in average 128 km (twice as dense as in NEXRAD) Heterogenous network (30 members, 6 manufacturers, C,S and X-bands) Data hub since 2011 Some centralized data quality control since March 2013

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles CBS agreement stop of TAC distributions Nov 2014 TAC = Traditional Alphanumeric Codes TDCF = Table Driven Code Form ges/prog/www/WMOC odes/MigrationTDCF/ CBSEXT10matrix.pdf

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Questions and comments?

GIE/EIG EUMETNET, Registered Number RPM Bruxelles Contact Details Stefan Klink EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager GIE/EIG EUMETNET GIE EUMETNET Secretariat c/o L’Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique Avenue Circulaire Bruxelles, Belgique Tel: +32 (0) Fax: +32 (0) Web: EUMETNET Observations Programme Manager Deutscher Wetterdienst Frankfurter Str Offenbach, Germany Tel: Fax: Web: