Travel, Tourism, and Recreation Marketing 2.01 Recognize basic information associated with the development of the travel, tourism, and recreation industry Recognize basic information associated with the development of the travel, tourism, and recreation industry. Course Orientation

Major historical developments associated with the travel, tourism, and recreation.

Reasons people traveled historically In search of food, shelter, and water In search of food, shelter, and water For trade and political reasons For trade and political reasons Conquest and war Conquest and war Religion Religion Health Health Academic studies Academic studies Adventure Adventure To see places of importance or curiosities To see places of importance or curiosities Cultural development Cultural development

Early ancient times Babylonia (Sumerians) Babylonia (Sumerians) 4000 BC 4000 BC Invented money for exchange Invented money for exchange Invented and used the wheel Invented and used the wheel Greek cities-states Greek cities-states 776 BC 776 BC Began the Olympic Games Began the Olympic Games Travel characteristics in ancient times that apply today Travel characteristics in ancient times that apply today Peace ensures the increase of people traveling to different destinations. Peace ensures the increase of people traveling to different destinations. Travelers must feel safe and secure in the destinations they are visiting. Travelers must feel safe and secure in the destinations they are visiting. A common means of communicating must exist. A common means of communicating must exist. An infrastructure must be in place to serve the visitor’s needs. An infrastructure must be in place to serve the visitor’s needs. There must be some mutually agreed form of payment between the traveler and the provider in exchange for goods and services. There must be some mutually agreed form of payment between the traveler and the provider in exchange for goods and services.

Industrial Revolution (1800s) 1800 Urban mass transit began in New York City, London, and Paris Urban mass transit began in New York City, London, and Paris The first successful steam-powered locomotive became available The first successful steam-powered locomotive became available The first roller coaster made its appearance in Paris The first roller coaster made its appearance in Paris Robert Fulton’s steam-powered Clermont made her maiden voyage up the Hudson River. The use of steam engines on ships was the greatest revolution in water transportation Robert Fulton’s steam-powered Clermont made her maiden voyage up the Hudson River. The use of steam engines on ships was the greatest revolution in water transportation Scotsman John McAdams improved road construction with the use of broken stones covered with tar Scotsman John McAdams improved road construction with the use of broken stones covered with tar.

Industrial Revolution (1800s), cont’d 1819 The Savanna was the first steam ship to cross the Atlantic The Savanna was the first steam ship to cross the Atlantic The first subway system opened in London The first subway system opened in London. 1850s Railroad development contributed to the growth of the lodging/hospitality industry. These small hotels were called “ordinaries.” 1850s Railroad development contributed to the growth of the lodging/hospitality industry. These small hotels were called “ordinaries.” 1853 The elevator was invented allowing hotels to expand upward The elevator was invented allowing hotels to expand upward The east and west coasts of the United States were connected by the completion of the transcontinental railroad at Promontory, Utah. This helped to speed the east to west movement after the Civil War The east and west coasts of the United States were connected by the completion of the transcontinental railroad at Promontory, Utah. This helped to speed the east to west movement after the Civil War.

Industrial Revolution (1800s), cont’d 1870 The first subway system opened in New York City The first subway system opened in New York City The first steam-powered Carousel was introduced The first steam-powered Carousel was introduced Alexander Graham Bell introduced the telephone Alexander Graham Bell introduced the telephone Electric cars, or trolleys, came into their own. The gasoline engine led to the beginning of the motor coach line Electric cars, or trolleys, came into their own. The gasoline engine led to the beginning of the motor coach line Edison improved and perfected motion picture technology. The “movies” enabled people to see destinations that they would otherwise have only read or heard about Travel, Tourism, and Recreation Marketing Edison improved and perfected motion picture technology. The “movies” enabled people to see destinations that they would otherwise have only read or heard about Travel, Tourism, and Recreation Marketing.

Other early developments that helped tourism to grow 1829 The 173 room Tremont House opened in Boston. It was the first modern hotel The 173 room Tremont House opened in Boston. It was the first modern hotel The first cafeteria opened in New York The first cafeteria opened in New York. 1880s Coney Island was established in New York and became the model for amusement parks. 1880s Coney Island was established in New York and became the model for amusement parks. 1890s Automobiles were introduced. 1890s Automobiles were introduced The first travelers’ checks were introduced by American Express Company The first travelers’ checks were introduced by American Express Company. 1890s The first Stanley Cup (hockey) playoffs were held and the modern Olympic Games returned. 1890s The first Stanley Cup (hockey) playoffs were held and the modern Olympic Games returned.

Rides at Coney Island

Early 1900s Electric lights came into use. Early 1900s Electric lights came into use. Davis Cup (tennis) and World Series (baseball) were introduced. Davis Cup (tennis) and World Series (baseball) were introduced The American Automobile Association (AAA) was founded in Chicago The American Automobile Association (AAA) was founded in Chicago Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, NC Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, NC Henry Ford introduced the Model T. The Model T made travel available to people who were not wealthy. By 1914 these cars were being mass-produced. The price made them available to the working and middle classes. The use of the Model T created a demand for better roads Henry Ford introduced the Model T. The Model T made travel available to people who were not wealthy. By 1914 these cars were being mass-produced. The price made them available to the working and middle classes. The use of the Model T created a demand for better roads.

, cont’d Passenger ship accommodations were more luxurious and affordable only by the very wealthy. The Titanic was an example of this luxury. The movie Titanic reflects the division of wealth on luxury liners.Passenger ship accommodations were more luxurious and affordable only by the very wealthy. The Titanic was an example of this luxury. The movie Titanic reflects the division of wealth on luxury liners. Ellsworth Statler originated the hotel chain concept and became known as the father of the modern commercial hotel industry. Conrad Hilton later bought the Statler chain.Ellsworth Statler originated the hotel chain concept and became known as the father of the modern commercial hotel industry. Conrad Hilton later bought the Statler chain The first scheduled airline in the US flown with passengers. World War I advanced aircraft design and development. World War I advanced aircraft design and development. Car rental began with National Car Rental System. Organized airline service developed rapidly in Europe.

Great improvements were made in US road systems. Railroads faced competition from automobiles, intercity bus service, and the trucking industry Commercial airlines got underway in the US 1920s A new breed of passenger, the tourist, emerged. Liner companies offered world cruises and winter cruises in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. October, 1929 The Great Depression began.economics

The Depression bolstered the railroads over the bus industry. The Depression bolstered the railroads over the bus industry Almost 85% of all hotels in the US went bankrupt Almost 85% of all hotels in the US went bankrupt The concept of a zoo using open surroundings and concealed barriers to display its animals was introduced The concept of a zoo using open surroundings and concealed barriers to display its animals was introduced Marineland opened an outdoor aquarium in St. Augustine, FL Marineland opened an outdoor aquarium in St. Augustine, FL. Late 1930s The first NCAA basketball tournament was held. Late 1930s The first NCAA basketball tournament was held. Passenger liners increased in size. In the 1930s the Cunard Lines launched the Queen Elizabeth, the largest liner built up until that time. Passenger liners increased in size. In the 1930s the Cunard Lines launched the Queen Elizabeth, the largest liner built up until that time. September 3, 1939 World War II began in Europe. September 3, 1939 World War II began in Europe.

World War II brought many advances in aircraft development and design. One important innovation was the jet engine. World War II brought many advances in aircraft development and design. One important innovation was the jet engine. Rocket tests were conducted on Topsail Island off the North Carolina coast. Rocket tests were conducted on Topsail Island off the North Carolina coast. The hotel industry rebounded during and immediately following WWII. By this time, the automobile and jet plane had radically affected the travel industry. The hotel industry rebounded during and immediately following WWII. By this time, the automobile and jet plane had radically affected the travel industry Ridership on buses soared. WWII brought the rapid growth of intercity bus travel Ridership on buses soared. WWII brought the rapid growth of intercity bus travel The airline ticket was created The airline ticket was created.

, cont’d 1947 United Airlines and American Airlines inaugurated coast-to-coast US service United Airlines and American Airlines inaugurated coast-to-coast US service. US armed forces came home with the experiences of having traveled to places that they could not have afforded to visit otherwise. They had the money, time, and interest in traveling for pleasure as well as for business. The seeds of mass tourism began here. US armed forces came home with the experiences of having traveled to places that they could not have afforded to visit otherwise. They had the money, time, and interest in traveling for pleasure as well as for business. The seeds of mass tourism began here. Walter E. Avis opened the first rental car office in an airport. Walter E. Avis opened the first rental car office in an airport. With the Cold War, certain restrictions were placed on visiting countries considered as our enemies. With the Cold War, certain restrictions were placed on visiting countries considered as our enemies.

The US enjoyed a decade of relative peace and a strong economy. The US enjoyed a decade of relative peace and a strong economy. The television was becoming an influence in American households. The small screen brought the world into the living room. The television was becoming an influence in American households. The small screen brought the world into the living room. Tourist-class fare was offered for transatlantic flights. Tourist-class fare was offered for transatlantic flights Congress created the National System of Interstate Highways Congress created the National System of Interstate Highways. 1950s The Jet Age began with an increase in the number of foreign airlines flying international routes. 1950s The Jet Age began with an increase in the number of foreign airlines flying international routes. The first transcontinental flight was made from Los Angeles to New York. The first transcontinental flight was made from Los Angeles to New York.

, cont’d 1958 The passenger ship industry began to decline because of commercial jet service nonstop across the Atlantic The passenger ship industry began to decline because of commercial jet service nonstop across the Atlantic NASA was created to manage the space program NASA was created to manage the space program. 1950s Motels came of age with the development of the interstate highway system in 1956 and the entry of the motel chains. 1950s Motels came of age with the development of the interstate highway system in 1956 and the entry of the motel chains Holiday Inn was launched by Kemmons Wilson with the Holiday Inn Hotel Court in Memphis, TN Holiday Inn was launched by Kemmons Wilson with the Holiday Inn Hotel Court in Memphis, TN. Hilton became the first coast-to-coast hotel chain. Hilton became the first coast-to-coast hotel chain The Jet Age was the greatest period of expansion for hotel chains. Car rentals expanded when the first commercial jet airliners came into service The Jet Age was the greatest period of expansion for hotel chains. Car rentals expanded when the first commercial jet airliners came into service.

s Mass market cruises became available and shipping companies began converting their passenger liners into tropical cruise ships. 1960s Mass market cruises became available and shipping companies began converting their passenger liners into tropical cruise ships Holiday Inn installed the hotel industry’s first nationwide computerized reservation system Holiday Inn installed the hotel industry’s first nationwide computerized reservation system The first Super Bowl was played The first Super Bowl was played The landing of the first man on the moon brought space a step closer as a travel destination. In response to the Apollo mission, Pan Am took over 90,000 ticket reservations for a shuttle to the moon The landing of the first man on the moon brought space a step closer as a travel destination. In response to the Apollo mission, Pan Am took over 90,000 ticket reservations for a shuttle to the moon.

The use of credit cards was accepted in travel and entertainment The use of credit cards was accepted in travel and entertainment Pan American World Airways flew the first Boeing 747 carrying 352 passengers from New York to London, marking the age of the “jumbo jet” and the beginning of mass tourism Pan American World Airways flew the first Boeing 747 carrying 352 passengers from New York to London, marking the age of the “jumbo jet” and the beginning of mass tourism The Concorde, a supersonic transport (SST), was developed The Concorde, a supersonic transport (SST), was developed The Arab oil embargo increased the price of gasoline and oil products, forcing the American public to look for energy efficient ways to travel The Arab oil embargo increased the price of gasoline and oil products, forcing the American public to look for energy efficient ways to travel. The first personal computer reached the consumer market. The first personal computer reached the consumer market. Travel became computerized. Travel became computerized. Alex Hailey’s book, Roots, was to have an influence on heritage travel. Alex Hailey’s book, Roots, was to have an influence on heritage travel.

Railroads began to decline Railroads began to decline l986 The world’s cruise fleet doubled l986 The world’s cruise fleet doubled EPCOT opened at Disney World, FL, and in 1984, Tokyo Disneyland opened EPCOT opened at Disney World, FL, and in 1984, Tokyo Disneyland opened The World Tourism Organization’s General Assembly adopted the Tourism Bill of Rights and Tourist Code The World Tourism Organization’s General Assembly adopted the Tourism Bill of Rights and Tourist Code. Personal computers were made more user friendly. Personal computers were made more user friendly. Tourism had become important to North Carolina’s economy. Tourism had become important to North Carolina’s economy. The first tourism curriculum was developed for North Carolina public schools. The first tourism curriculum was developed for North Carolina public schools.

ATM use spread throughout the world. ATM use spread throughout the world The Americans with Disabilities Act passed The Americans with Disabilities Act passed Microsoft established an accredited travel agency on the Internet Microsoft established an accredited travel agency on the Internet England and France were connected by the “chunnel.” 1994 England and France were connected by the “chunnel.” 1993 Web pages were developed and (1995) Netscape was developed as a browser Web pages were developed and (1995) Netscape was developed as a browser. Airlines accepted on-line bookings and took payment on the internet. Airlines accepted on-line bookings and took payment on the internet. Ticketless travel was introduced. Ticketless travel was introduced. Improved hardware and software and lower prices made the PC available to travelers. LAP made computer portable. Improved hardware and software and lower prices made the PC available to travelers. LAP made computer portable. Affinity groups such as veterans returned to former battle sites or duty station to remember. Tour groups continue to be popular. Affinity groups such as veterans returned to former battle sites or duty station to remember. Tour groups continue to be popular. By the end of the 1990s, virtual reality programs made it possible to see a destination as if one were actually there. By the end of the 1990s, virtual reality programs made it possible to see a destination as if one were actually there.

Ninety-five percent of all US travel agencies were computerized using a computer reservations system (CRS). Ninety-five percent of all US travel agencies were computerized using a computer reservations system (CRS) Americans used personal cars for more than 80% of their vacation trips Americans used personal cars for more than 80% of their vacation trips There were more than 800 million websites There were more than 800 million websites Dennis Tito was the first paid space tourist Dennis Tito was the first paid space tourist. September 11, 2001 Attacks by terrorists changed travel and tourism forever. September 11, 2001 Attacks by terrorists changed travel and tourism forever The Homeland Security Act of 2002 passed in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks The Homeland Security Act of 2002 passed in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks Health related issues disrupted tourism Health related issues disrupted tourism The Concorde (SST) retired from service The Concorde (SST) retired from service.