Transition elements –Can have more than one charge –Back of periodic table Co(NO 3 ) 2 Co(NO 3 ) 2 (red); K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (orange); K 2 CrO 4 (yellow); NiCl 2 (green); CuSO 4 (blue); KMnO 4 (purple).K 2 Cr 2 O 7K 2 CrO 4NiCl 2CuSO 4KMnO 4

Polyatomic ions –Charge is given to entire group of atoms –Atoms act as an individual atom –NEVER CHANGE THE SUBSCRIPTS! Use parenthesis instead

Ionic Formula Writing 1.Li +1 O -2 2.Ag +1 OH -1 3.Mg +2 SO NH 4 +1 CO Ca +2 P Sn 4+ O Sn +4 IO Cu +1 NO Mn +2 S K +1 MnO 4 -1

Naming Ionic Compounds Polyatomic ions –Name cation –Name anion Transition metals –Determine charge of cation –name cation followed by the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis –Name anion

Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions and Transition Metals 1.Lithium + Nitrate 2.Magnesium + Nitrate 3.Aluminum + Nitrate 4.Calcium + Chlorite

Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions and Transition Metals 5.Aluminum + Phosphate 6.Ammonium + Chlorine 7.Ammonium + Carbonate 8.Copper (I) + Sulfate

Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions and Transition Metals 9.Copper (II) + Phosphate 10.Iron (III) + Phosphite

Counting Atoms Subscripts tell how many atoms of each element are present If formula has parenthesis or number in front, use the distributive property (like in math class) MgCl 2 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6

Counting Atoms Practice I 2H 2 SO 4 Ba(NO 3 ) 2 Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 4NaCO 3 (NH 4 ) 2 O 2Fe(NO 3 ) 2 3Be(CN) 2

Lattice Energy Energy associated with strength of bond More negative the number, the stronger the bond Stronger bonds have –Smaller atoms –Higher charges

Lattice Energy Strong bonds have –Smaller atoms & Higher charges NaClorNaBr BeOorBN Sr 3 P 2 orRbI Al 2 S 3 orB 2 O 3 MgOorAl 2 O 3 Li 2 O or LiBr KBrorKF NaClorMgO Li 3 NorLiCl CaSorAl 2 S 3

Formula Practice I Aluminum + Oxygen Sodium + Sulfate Lithium + Calcium Calcium + Sulfur Barium + Chlorine

Formula Practice I Magnesium + Phosphorus Lithium + Sulfite Boron + Oxygen Carbon + Oxygen Calcium + Nitrate

_____ + Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 _____ + Calcium Chloride _____ + K2SK2S + Beryllium Chlorate _____ + NH 4 ClO 2

_____ + Sodium Chloride _____ + AlPO 4 _____ + Boron Nitride _____ + Na 2 O _____ + Aluminum Sulfate

Formula Practice VI Magnesium + Oxygen Potassium + Phosphorus Aluminum + Chlorine Lithium + Chlorine Calcium + Fluorine Beryllium + Phosphorus Magnesium + Aluminum Lithium + Argon Silicon + Bromine Boron + Sulfur

Section 8.3 Names & Formulas for Ionic Compounds Monoatomic ion Oxidation number