Classifying the Elements Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Properties of Metals Are good conductors of heat and electricity. High luster or shine- caused by the ability of the metal to reflect light. Solids at room temperature except for mercury. Are ductile, meaning that they can be drawn into wires. Are malleable, meaning that they can be hammered into flat sheets Donate electrons during bonding and become positive ions-cations.
Location of Metals Located on the left side of the periodic table.
From left to right: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium Alkali Metals Located in group 1. Are silver-gray solids that are soft enough to cut with a knife. Have low melting and boiling points. Highly reactive with water. Stored under oil. Francium is the most reactive metal. From left to right: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium
Alkaline Earth Metals Relatively soft, but harder than the alkali metals. Have a gray-white luster when freshly cut. Densities, melting points, and boiling points are higher than alkali metals.
Transition Metals Located in groups 3-12. Density and melting points tend to increase across a period. Come from mineral deposits in Earth’s crust. Compounds containing transition metals tend to have color. From left to right, aqueous solutions of: Co(NO3)2 (red); K2Cr2O7 (orange); K2CrO4 (yellow); NiCl2 (green); CuSO4 (blue); KMnO4 (purple).
Properties of Nonmetals Most are gases at room temperature. Sulfur and phosphorus are solids and bromine is a liquid. Are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Tend to be brittle and dull. Become negatively charged (anion) b/c they accept electrons when bonding. Located on the right side of the periodic table. Iodine crystals Sulfur crystals
Metalloids Located on the heavy bold line that looks like a stair step. Tend to have properties of both. Silicon for example is brittle, shiny, and conducts electricity. Silicon Antimony
Group 13: Boron Family Boron is a metalloid, the rest are metals. Aluminum is a valuable material b/c of its strength. Gallium melts in your hands. Aluminum Gallium
Group 14: Carbon Family All solids at room temperature. Metallic properties increase from carbon to lead. Carbon is a nonmetal. Silicon and germanium are metalloids. Tin and Lead are metals. Tin Lead
Group 15: Nitrogen Family Except for Nitrogen gas, all in this group are solids. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are nonmetals. Arsenic and Antimony are metalloids. Bismuth is a metal. Phosphorus
Group 16: Oxygen Family Also known as the chalcogens. Except for oxygen gas, all are solids at room temperature. Oxygen, sulfur and selenium are nonmetals. Tellurium is a metalloid. Polonium is a radioactive metal. Tellurium Selenium
Group 17: Halogens Are all nonmetals. At room temperature, Chlorine and Fluorine are gases and bromine is a liquid. Iodine and astatine are solids. Are very reactive. Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal.
Group 18: Noble Gases All are gases. Are colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Usually do not react with anything. Stable elements.
Summary Questions What 3 groups can elements be classified into? What are 2 differences between metals and nonmetals? Name one metalloid. What is another name for the oxygen family? What is another name for group 17? What is so unusual about group 18?