Section 8.2 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Reactions Decomposition Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Combustion.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 8.2 Types of Chemical Reactions Combination Reactions Decomposition Reactions Single-Replacement Reactions Double-Replacement Reactions Combustion Reactions (complete and incomplete) Please turn to page 3 in your Note Pack, and have your Periodic Table available as a resource.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS A.What is a combination reaction? (sometimes called a synthesis reaction or composition reaction) Two or more substances combine to form a single substance.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS B. Write a general equation for a combination reaction: A + B  AB There are some ways we can remember these reactions and how to predict their products.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions…

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their _____________ ___________ to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a ___________)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a ___________)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Ox. #’s are the possible charges an element CAN potentially get (O = -2; Al = +3; Cu = +2 or +3)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples) 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples) 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas K (s) + Cl 2 (g) 

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples) 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas K (s) + Cl 2 (g)  K + Cl -

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples) 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas K (s) + Cl 2 (g)  KCl …but it’s not balanced yet.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… (Fill in examples) 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. (forms an ionic compound called a formula unit) Example: Potassium metal reacts with Chlorine gas 2K (s) + Cl 2 (g)  2KCl (s)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas Ni + O 2

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas Ni + O 2  Ni +2 + O -2

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 4 Good things to know about combination reactions… 1When a metal combines with a nonmetal, use their oxidation numbers to figure out the product. Next Example: Nickel (II) reacts with Oxygen gas 2Ni + O 2  Ni +2 + O -2  2NiO

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules. (forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules. (forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product) Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 2When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules. (forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product) Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid. Cl 2 + Br 2 

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 2When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules. (forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product) Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid. Cl 2 + Br 2  Cl 3 Br 5 (not balanced, yet)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS 2When two nonmetals combine, you cannot figure out the product based on oxidation numbers There could be a number of possible combinations for these molecules. (forms a molecule and therefore we must rely on observation to predict product) Example: Chlorine gas reacts with bromine gas to produce trichlorine pentabromide solid. 3 Cl Br 2  2 Cl 3 Br 5 (now its balanced)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. Examples might include: N 2 O 5 P 2 O 5 SO 3

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid.  Start by writing the H first (that’s what makes it an acid ), and end with the O.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water SO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Example: Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with water SO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 SO 3 (aq), sulfurous acid

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water N 2 O 5 (g) + H 2 O (l)  ???

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it will produce an Acid. (start with the H and end with the O) Next Example: Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide gas reacts with water N 2 O 5 (g) + H 2 O (l)  H 2 N 2 O 6 = 2HNO 3 Empirical formula

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base.  Remember  [H 2 O = H + OH - ] Examples of metal oxides include: Copper (II) oxide CuO Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 Sodium oxide Na 2 O

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base. (start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH - )

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base. (start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH - ) Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base. (start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH - ) Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water. Na 2 O (s) + H 2 O (l)  ???

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS When a metal oxide reacts with water, it will produce a Base. (start with the metal and end with hydroxide, OH - ) Example: Sodium oxide reacts with water. Na 2 O (s) + H 2 O (l)  2NaOH (aq)

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Now its your turn… With a neighbor, work through the following. Practice Examples : Write the balanced equations for the following combinations.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples : Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 1Beryllium metal reacts with oxygen gas

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 1Beryllium metal reacts with oxygen gas Be + O 2  Be +2 + O -2  2BeO Balanced, it looks like this… 2Be + O 2  2BeO

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 2 Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 2 Gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water N 2 O 5 + H 2 O  H 2 N 2 O 6 = 2HNO 3 Empirical formula

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 3 Nitrogen gas reacts with lumps of sulfur to produce trinitrogen monosulfide.

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 3 Nitrogen gas reacts with lumps of sulfur to produce trinitrogen monosulfide. 3N 2 (g) + 2S (s)  2N 3 S

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 4 Chunks of Calcium oxide is dropped into water

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 4 Chunks of Calcium oxide is dropped into water CaO + H 2 O  Ca(OH) 2

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 5 Aluminum metal rusts

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Practice Examples: Write the balanced equations for the following combinations… 5 Aluminum metal rusts Al + O 2  Al +3 + O -2  Al 2 O 3 Balanced, it looks like this, 4Al + 3O 2  2Al 2 O 3

8.2 Types of Reactions COMBINATION REACTIONS Please use your notes, and really focus on the Helpful Hints as you predict the products of the Combination Reactions.