Chemistry 9/16/13 Mrs. Turgeon “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.” – Eleanor Roosevelt DO NOW: Pass forward your 4 histograms from the “What’s the Matter?” Lab. In your notes, answer in your own words: “What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?” (Provide an example from our lab.)

Chemistry 9/16/13 Mrs. Turgeon AGENDA: Take notes on Matter-Properties & Changes White Board Practice in groups Learn about the parts of the atom

Do Now Answer: The Law of Conservation of mass states that mass is neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction- it is conserved. Are your examples from the lab “What’s the Matter?” representing physical changes or chemical changes?

Physical vs. Chemical Changes Physical Change: A change which alters the appearance of a substance without changing its composition (The shredder) Chemical Change: A process that involves one or more substances changing into a new substance (Let it Snow)

ELEMENTS Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical methods. the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. examples – gold, neon, copper, astatine, carbon, bromine…

EVERYTHING ON THE PERIODIC TABLE IS AN ELEMENT!!!

COMPOUNDS Compound – a substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical methods ALWAYS contains DIFFERENT elements examples – magnesium oxide (MgO), water (H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl)…

Breaking Down Compounds Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods, but elements cannot. Ex: When sugar is heated,it goes through a chemical change.

Breaking Down Compounds Final products = carbon and water vapor Can then break down H2O into H2 and O2 using electricity

Properties of Compounds In general, the properties of compounds are quite different from those of their component elements. chlorine (Cl2)is used to kill harmful organisms in swimming pools. sodium vapor (Na) produces the light in some street lamps. sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly called salt, is used to season or preserve food.

States of Matter States of Matter Each of the three states of matter can be described by how they fill their container

Mixtures & Pure Substances How can pure substances and mixtures be distinguished? A mixture has a variable composition. Must be a mixture of compounds and/or elements. Ex: air, granite, chicken noodle soup A pure substance ALWAYS has the same composition. Must be an element or a compound. Ex: water, silver

TYPES OF MIXTURES HOMOGENEOUS the same throughout also called a solution Ex: salt water, brass HETEROGENEOUS NOT the same throughout different properties in different parts of the same mixture Ex: sand & water, granite

White Board Practice! Send your spokesperson to the teacher’s desk to get a white board, marker, and eraser (one board for each POGIL group)

Is milk a mixture or pure substance? White Board Practice in POGIL groups Be ready! You don’t know what group I am going to call on to share… Is milk a mixture or pure substance? What do you think about chocolate milk? Homogeneous mixture. It’s a mixture of water, sugar, fats and proteins that is usually the same composition throughout. Heterogeneous mixture. It’s a mixture of water, sugar, fats, proteins & cocoa that usually has a lot more chocolate on the bottom of the glass than at the top… YUMMY 

White Board Practice Passing an electric current through a certain substance produces oxygen and sulfur. This substance cannot be a(n) compound. mixture. element. solution

White Board Practice Which of the following is a mixture? sodium chloride (salt) carbon dioxide Sucrose (sugar) air

White Board Practice TRUE or FALSE: Heating water, causing it to boil is a chemical change. FALSE…Liquid water becomes gaseous water when it boils, but it’s still H2O! (this is a physical change) Chemical changes occur when different substances are produced.

White Board Practice What is the difference between mass and weight?

White Board Practice Classify the following as chemical or physical changes: gold melting natural gas burning crushing an aluminum can leaves turning colors in the fall PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

White Board Practice Which of the following states of matter takes the shape of its container and has a fixed or definite volume? solid liquid gas plasma

White Board Practice Rank the three most commonly cited states of matter from highest to lowest energy: solid, liquid, gas liquid, gas, solid solid, gas, liquid gas, liquid, solid

White Board Practice The End! Send your spokesperson to the front of the room to put away your whiteboard materials

Using Your Textbook Effectively According to a study on study habits by The Journal of Scientific American Mind, “Although most students prefer to take as few tests as possible, hundreds of experiments show that self-testing improves learning and retention.” DO NOW: Get out a new piece of paper and fold it the “long” way.