Take Out Pencil Science Notebook, Open to white boarding notes (page 36)

Take Out Pencil Catalyst Sheet Science Notebook, Open to Chemistry cover page

Catalyst Use your reading from this weekend to explain how the argument could be made that “Chemistry caused civilization”.

Page boxes down, horizontal line Everything I Know About Chemistry:

Page more boxes down, horizontal line Everything I Want to Know About Chemistry:

Page 39 Remaining space The Beginnings of Chemistry:

460 BC Democritus develops the idea of the atom around 400 BCE He pounded up materials in his pestle and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles which he called ATOMA greek for not to be divided (cut) The Beginnings of Chemistry

460 BC Another Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, suggested everything was made out of fire The world itself consists of a law-like interchange of elements, symbolized by fire. Thus the world is not to be identified with any particular substance, but rather with an ongoing process governed by a law of change. The Beginnings of Chemistry

460 BC Aristotle announced that there were four elements, or basic substances, from which all else was composed Air, Earth, Fire, and Water; He believed that everything else, was a blend of these four. The Beginnings of Chemistry

Homework Read and fully annotate “Matter, Elements, and Atoms” reading on page 40 Add the 5 underlined words and their definitions to your Vocabulary section

Exit Ticket Why should the slope of your line of best fit in the Circumference vs Diameter Lab have been close to 3.14?

Take Out Pencil Catalyst Sheet Science Notebook, Open to Vocabulary section

Catalyst 1.Describe the difference between matter and mass 2.Describe the difference between an atom and an element

Page boxes down, horizontal line Everything I Know About Chemistry:

Page more boxes down, horizontal line Everything I Want to Know About Chemistry:

Page 39 Remaining space The Beginnings of Chemistry:

Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and behavior of MATTER

460 BC Democritus develops the idea of the atom around 400 BCE He pounded up materials in his pestle and mortar until he had reduced them to smaller and smaller particles which he called ATOMA greek for not to be divided (cut) The Beginnings of Chemistry

Aluminum

An Aluminum Atom

How small is an atom? It would take 40,000,000 aluminum atoms to make a 1 cm line of aluminum

Element Atom What is an element? What is an atom?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances. Element Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has all the properties of an element.

An atom is composed of three main subatomic particles Atom Subatomic Particles

Subatomic particles are…. The smaller parts that make up an atom

An atom is composed of three main subatomic particles Atom NeutronsElectronsProtons

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons are the building blocks of atoms

Nucleus The nucleus is the center of the atom, where the protons and neutrons are located.

A proton has one positive charge and a mass equal to one mass unit. A neutron has no charge and a mass that is also equal to one mass unit. Proton + Charge Neutron Neutral Charge What charge does the nucleus have as a whole?

6 C Carbon The name of the element

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol The atomic number of the element: This number tells you the number of protons in the atom.

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol The atomic number of the element: This number tells you the number of protons in the atom. The mass number or atomic mass: This number tells the mass of one atom. …which is approximately the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, since each proton and each neutron has a mass equal to one mass unit.

6 C Carbon Using the beads on your table, create the nucleus of 1 Carbon atom Draw that nucleus in your notes

Take Out Pencil Catalyst Sheet Science Notebook

Catalyst Determine the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom of each element listed below: 1. Helium4. Bromine 2. Chlorine5. Rubidium 3. Calcium6. Xenon

Remember: atomic mass - atomic number number of neutrons

Atomic (Average) mass unit Number of neutrons must be changing because we know that protons don’t 6 C Carbon Isotopes – Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons from the average

Electrons Electrons are located around the nucleus. They are so tiny that they almost have no mass. Each electron has a charge of negative 1 (-1). Electron Negative Charge

In a neutral atom, how does the number of protons compare to the number of electrons? A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons

So, to review… NucleusElectron Cloud Location Tiny core in the center of the atom The region around the nucleus; model looks much like a galaxy in space ChargePositiveNegative Relative size relationshipDiameter of a baseballChase Stadium

ProtonNeutronElectron LocationNucleus Electron cloud Charge Positive charge equal in size, but opposite to the negative charge of an electron Neutral Negative charge equal in size, but opposite to the positive charge of a proton Size x g equal in mass with the neutron and 1800 times greater than an electron x g equal in mass with the proton x g 1/1800 the size of the proton

4 Be Beryllium 9.01

The periodic table is an orderly listing of all the elements, arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number Review: what do the numbers mean?

6 C Carbon The name of the element

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol The atomic number of the element: This number tells you the number of protons in the atom. And because, in a neutral atom, the number of protons and the number of electrons are equal, it also tells the number of electrons.

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol The atomic number of the element: This number tells you the number of protons in the atom. And because, in a neutral atom, the number of protons and the number of electrons are equal, it also tells the number of electrons. The mass number or atomic mass: This number tells the mass of one atom, which is approximately the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, since each proton and each neutron has a mass equal to one mass unit, and the electrons have virtually no mass. The color: Depending on the periodic table, will tell you what type of element it is. In Carbon’s case, it is a nonmetal Remember: Look at website! and thiswebsitethis

6 C Carbon The name of the element The element’s atomic symbol The number of protons. The number of electrons. The number of protons + the number of neutrons

7 N Nitrogen Using the beads on your table, create the nucleus of the most common atom of Nitrogen Add the electrons, presuming we are creating a neutral atom Draw this is in your notebook

Homework Complete “Atomic Structure Practice” on pages 42 and 43 of science notebook Use your Periodic Table in your planner if necessary Add isotope to Vocabulary Section

Exit Ticket 11 Na Sodium Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of sodium

Exit Ticket 36 Kr Krypton Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of krypton