IONIC BONDING. Sodium Atom 11 P 12 N Atomic Number (Z) = 11 Atomic Mass (M) = 23 Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = 12 Na 23 11.

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Presentation transcript:

IONIC BONDING

Sodium Atom 11 P 12 N Atomic Number (Z) = 11 Atomic Mass (M) = 23 Protons = 11 Electrons = 11 Neutrons = 12 Na 23 11

Fluorine Atom 9 P 10 N Atomic Number (Z) = 9 Atomic Mass (M) = 19 Protons = 9 Electrons = 9 Neutrons = 19 F 19 9

Forming the Ionic Bond F Na

Summary – Sodium Fluoride Na (sodium) Na 1+ (sodium ion) F (fluorine) loses one electron (P > E) gains one electron (P < E) F 1- (fluorine ion) Na 1+ F 1- Attraction of opposite charges

Let’s Try Another… Ca (calcium) Ca 2+ (sodium ion) Br (bromine) loses two electron (P > E) gains one electron (P < E) F 1- (fluorine ion) Ca 2+ F 1- Attraction of opposite charges

One more example… Al (aluminum) Al 3+ (sodium ion) S (sulphur) loses three electrons (P > E) gains two electrons (P < E) S 2- (fluorine ion) Al 3+ S 2- Attraction of opposite charges

Ionic Compounds An ionic compound generally consists of a metal and a non-metal The metal loses electron(s) and becomes a cation (positively charged ion). The non-metal gains electron(s) and becomes an anion (negatively charged ion). Through the forces of attraction between two opposite charges, an ionic compound is formed. There are two types: binary (two atoms) and polyatomic (one atom and one polyatomic ion) Polyatomic ion – is an ion with more than one atom

COVALENT OR MOLECULAR BONDING

Imagine Two Hydrogen Atom… 1 P 0 N 1 P 0 N

And then they find each other… HH And share their electrons… They’re relationship is so diatomic!

Molecular Compounds Molecular compounds are composed only of non-metals We use binding capacities to understand how compounds are made Some molecular compounds are composed of the same element. These are called diatomic compounds There are seven diatomic compounds: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2 and I 2

Binding Capacities - The number of bonds each atom can make 43210

In Grade 9, you learned the Ball-and-Hook Method C Cl C has a binding capacity of 4 which means it can make 4 bonds Cl has a binding capacity of 1 which means it can make 1 bond

Comparing Ionic and Covalent IONICCOVALENT Metal and non-metal involved Two non-metals involved Transferring of electronsSharing of electrons Charges involvedBinding capacities involved Naming: Metal + ide or polyatomic ion Naming: Use of prefixes (mono, di, tri, etc.)