FOLK CULTURE & POPULAR CULTURE TWO POLES OF A CONTINUUM

remnants of surviving folk culture in the U.S.

vernacular region – not officially defined, but still real shared, traditional way of describing experience, so part of folk culture

Folk Culture includes traditional medicine Folk Culture includes traditional medicine. What are some ways folk culture medicine gets incorporated into popular culture? pharmaceutical companies “discover” and patent a compound a substance becomes popular for “recreational” use A technique like acupuncture or Chinese herbal medicine gains mainstream acceptance

Diffusion of the Rodeo Who started it? Receptivity of : Mexicans, Canadians, Mormons?

Diffusion of agricultural fairs What types of diffusion are operating here?

Components of culture Artifact – physical component (big or small) Mentifact – intangible component (stories, sayings, songs, values, etc.) Sociofact – interactive component (personal space, definition of family)

How is this vernacular architecture (folk architecture) suited to its environment? (house from Orchid Island, near Taiwan) readily available materials form responds to climate and weather patterns

Material folk culture regions Each region possesses many distinctive items of material culture Upland South region—notched-log construction, used in building a variety of distinctive house types such as the “dogtrot”

What might be the reason for the “forebay” on Pennsylvania barns?

the “dogtrot”

What kinds of environmental adaptation can you identify? How else could you build a house to do the same thing?

What elements of the Quebec farmhouse respond to climate? Do any elements seem to respond more to social factors?

Why is the Buriat Mongolian yurt so similar to the Navajo hogan?

Pueblo Architecture Northern New Mexico Pre-Columbian “condo” Suited to dry climate with cold, sunny winters strong diurnal temp swings “horno” bread oven

An “adobe” drive-through bank

Popular Culture Landscape: McDonalds in Moscow & Tokyo

The taste depends on the place Terroir The taste depends on the place

Terroir concept

Ontario’s Terroirs Wine Growing in Ontario Ontario’s Appellation Vineyards Wine Growing in Ontario Wine grapes are grown in a relatively small band across southern Ontario where the southerly latitude and Great Lakes provide a favourable climate Located between 41 and 44 degrees latitude, Ontario’s appellations are similarly situated to many of the classic cool climate wine regions in the world With warm summers and cold but tolerable winters, Ontario has an ideal combination to ripen grapes during the growing season and also produce intensely flavoured Icewines from a winter harvest Local conditions in each appellation dictate the range of grape varieties and wine styles

Ontario’s Primary Appellations Viticultural Areas Ontario’s Appellations Ontario has so far identified three primary appellations of origin or “Viticultural Areas”: Niagara Peninsula Shaped by the natural wonders of the Niagara Escarpment and Niagara Falls, the Niagara Peninsula provides ideal cool-climate conditions for wine growing. Its diversity has resulted in the identification of 10 sub-appellations Prince Edward County Bordering Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinte, this appellation is surrounded by water and features a rich terroir dominated by stoney soils Lake Erie North Shore Stretching along the warm, shallow waters of Lake Erie, vines in this southerly appellation enjoy the most sunshine in Canada, providing excellent ripening conditions and full bodied wines Prince Edward County The Niagara Peninsula Lake Erie North Shore

Lake Erie North Shore Appellation Overview Cool lake breezes, abundance of sunshine, ripe fruit with good balance Appellation Overview Located at a latitude of approximately N42° and stretching along the bow-shaped shoreline of Lake Erie, including Pelee Island, from Amherstburg to south of St Thomas, the Lake Erie North Shore appellation encompasses the vineyards in the southwestern extremity of Ontario With no major topographic barrier to the prevailing southwesterly winds this appellation enjoys the full effect of the lake breeze that moderates the entire area during the growing season This favourable southerly location, combined with the warming effect of the shallow waters of Lake Erie, allows this appellation to enjoy a long growing season and promotes ripe fruit with a perfect balance between natural sweetness and acidity PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY NIAGARA PENINSULA LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE STATISTICS GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1476 FROST FREE DAYS: 172 (-2º) JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22° GROWING SEASON: April to October PRECIPITATION: 544mm (growing season) COMMON VARIETALS: Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): 64927 (9L cases) NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 70 NUMBER OF WINERIES: 11

Prince Edward County Appellation Overview Limestone bedrock, stony soils, low yields, excellent fruit concentration Appellation Overview Prince Edward County is located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, just south of Belleville, and encompasses the County, Amherst Island and a narrow strip of land to the north On the northern and eastern shorelines high rocky bluffs rise to an elevation of a hundred feet or more while the western shore has many inlets with sandy shores and large sand bars which define bodies of water such as West Lake and East Lake Prevailing southwesterly breezes travel steadily across the Bay of Quinte moderating temperatures throughout the year, which is especially beneficial during the warm summer months, with pleasant cooling during the hotter days and keeping cool nights at bay Prince Edward County terroir features loose gravely soil types that lay atop the broad Trenton limestone plateau providing good structure, ample drainage, shale and minerals for healthy development of vines and fruit with character PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY PRINCE EDWARD PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY NIAGARA PENINSULA LAKE ONTARIO LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE STATISTICS GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): N/A FROST FREE DAYS: 143 (-2º) JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 19°C GROWING SEASON: April to October PRECIPITATION: 757mm (year) COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): 22937 (9L cases) NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 53 NUMBER OF WINERIES: 17

Niagara Escarpment Regional Appellation Overview Inspiring elevations, classic minerality, refreshing wines Regional Appellation Overview Representing the bench lands along the Niagara Escarpment, west of St. Catharines to Grimsby, this complex region encompasses three sub-appellations: Short Hills Bench, Twenty Mile Bench, and Beamsville Bench The topography ranges from a distinct bench in the west Beamsville Bench, backed by steep cliff faces, through a double bench in the Twenty Mile Bench, to undulating hills in the east Short Hills Bench Features highly variable soils consisting of water-stratified clay and silt to rich calcareous clay loam, most of this area’s soils are deep and moderately drained with good water-holding capacities Unique conditions for grape berry maturation across this region contribute to the distinctive and refreshing style of Niagara Escarpment wines PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY NIAGARA PENINSULA LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE STATISTICS GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1415 FROST FREE DAYS: 205 (-2º) JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.5° GROWING SEASON: April to October PRECIPITATION: 543mm (growing season) COMMON VARIETALS: Riesling PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): 23151 (9L cases) NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 21 NUMBER OF WINERIES: 19

Niagara Peninsula Appellation Overview Diverse terroir, sheltered slopes, lakeside vineyards, great breadth in its wines Appellation Overview Bordered by Lake Ontario to the north, the Niagara River to the east and the Welland River and Hamilton to the south and west, the Niagara Peninsula is the largest and most diverse Viticultural Area in Canada Variation in soil composition and drainage across the appellation allows for many different varietals to thrive and produces distinctive sub-appellation terroirs that contribute their own character to root development and, in turn, to vine and grape development and to the nature and personality of the wine The Niagara Peninsula is a cool-climate appellation ideally situated near N43° latitude, with relatively high shifts in day-night temperature and substantial sunshine during the growing season This combination provides for the development of more complex and intense grape flavours during ripening than warmer climates can provide PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY NIAGARA PENINSULA LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE STATISTICS GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1413 FROST FREE DAYS: 198 (-2º) JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.3° GROWING SEASON: April to October PRECIPITATION: 546mm (growing season) COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): 1249851 (9L cases) NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 573 NUMBER OF WINERIES: 70

Niagara-on-the-lake Regional Appellation Overview Elegant vistas, spirited styles, inviting wines of origin Regional Appellation Overview Situated below the crest of the Niagara Escarpment and stretching to the Niagara River and the shores of Lake Ontario, this region encompasses four sub-appellations: Niagara River, Niagara Lakeshore, Four Mile Creek and St. David's Bench Most of this region is lakeshore plains land, characterized by long, gentle slopes, which become slightly more prominent in proximity to the north-facing Lake Iroquois Bluff Although there is a great diversity in geology, soil composition, elevation and climate, the wineries of this appellation share the collective benefits of proximity to the Lake, River and Escarpment, which their wines reflect The region is becoming well known for its annual celebrations of terroir-focused foods and wines PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY NIAGARA PENINSULA LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE STATISTICS GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1434 FROST FREE DAYS: 207 (-2º) JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.6° GROWING SEASON: April to October PRECIPITATION: 544mm (growing season) COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Riesling, Cabernet Franc PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): 102709 (9L cases) NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 92 NUMBER OF WINERIES: 29

POPULAR CULTURE Transmitted by media such as books & TV Constantly changing and innovating Based on idea of society (specialized roles and interdependence, impersonal coordination) Flexible and vague social roles Not adapted to any particular environment

Not a popular culture landscape

Popular culture is “culture of consumption”

The Strip (example of placelessness)

when you get to Finland will it look even more familiar than this?

You are what you consume! Aside from income and the need/desire to be “fashionable,” what else differs between the light and dark regions on this map?

Religious Desecration What was the problem with the beauty pageant? The Buddhist Temple of Dawn is in the background Photographing of Miss Universe contestants in front of this sacred place was seen as a desecration of the site and a sign of disrespect to Buddhism

Don’t forget sports! which seems closer to folk culture: participatory or spectator sports?

Popular or folk culture? it’s always a matter of degree a point on the continuum popular culture challenges folk culture popular culture undermines folk culture popular culture appropriates elements of folk culture popular culture markets elements of folk culture