ENUM, VoIP, and “Gangsta Rap” How They All Come Together…. Tom Kershaw Vice President, VoIP VeriSign

2 What Is ENUM? ENUM is a protocol Born in the IETF Simple Concept: Use DNS to resolve addresses for VoIP Approved, Done, and Nothing Controversial ENUM is a Political Movement Ownership of Addresses National Sovereignty Global Disarmament Etc. There is a strong need to separate the protocol/implementation issues from the public policy issues

3 Some Initial Comments on ENUM Private (Carrier) ENUM v. Public (User) ENUM Debates, Controversy, Confusion The Key Points: Carrier and User ENUM are different and should have different structures Carrier and User ENUM are consistent and can co-exist peacefully There is no clear agreement on what ENUM is for: The wonderful world of the Internet The wonderful world of the PSTN The alleged convergence of these two things OR….Something totally different

4 Current State of ENUM Public ENUM trials and “production” environments Austria, Australia, Korea are leading Volume is very small Driven by the Internet Community Dependent on users actually caring Public ENUM Regulatory Bodies U.S., Japan Driven by the PTTs User involvement is little to none Private ENUM efforts Cable Mobile Operators

5 Drivers for ENUM The Driver Matters – Results are Different Internet Community Driven PTT Driven Mobile Content Driven What is the Goal of ENUM – To Drive IP-to-IP Communications that goes beyond traditional voice People assume that VoIP operators and users are driving ENUM – but they are not

6 Who Cares About ENUM? I don’t care about ENUM! What are you talking about? I love ENUM! I have all of his CDs!

7 VoIP and ENUM ENUM is not relevant to VoIP yet Volumes are too small Japan Case 10 million VoIP endpoints 10% x 10% = 5% of calls are IP to IP Benefits of the query with a 5% resolution rate is questionable ENUM matters only when you can drive res rates above 25% Enterprise Verticals Communities of Interest Peered Private-Public ENUM structures IE – we have to drive volume and drive resolution rates up collectively rather than pursuing our own private interests

8 Conclusion: VoIP operators and users do not care about ENUM at present But there is someone who does care about ENUM…..

9 Who Cares About ENUM? I Love ENUM! ENUM is great! It makes me money.

10 U.S. Case: ENUM and Mobile Content In the U.S. what is driving ENUM is mobile content 50 Cent makes more money off of ENUM than all the VoIP operators combined When a user downloads a ringtone, it is sent to the destination MMSC using SMPP SMPP requires a mailto: address ENUM is used to discover the mailto: address of the destination This application leads to some perverse results how to you map the phone number to the correct mailto: what if the number is ported? what is the number is issued under an MVNO?

11 Business/Regulatory State of the “Roots” Tier 0: Only one database controlled by RIPE NCC and ITU (policy only) Contains participating country codes. Delegation would be at the NPA level for the US Tier I: Several valid country specific public trials – Austria is leading U.S. has decided to issue a tender for CC1, split into to administrative domains Lot’s of Boring Trials Going on Now Tier II: A Few Interesting Trials Underway Every Carrier and Cooperative will have a Root VoIP Tier IIs brag about 500K users; Mobile will be in the 50 Millions soon

12 Current Issues With ENUM Very few VoIP platforms support ENUM today Nobody has figured out how to make money from ENUM yet Nothing in ENUM you can’t do with SIP Huge political issues over data ownership Who wants to be the root? ENUM solves only a small part of the problem Where you are is easy – how to get to you in a secure, reliable matter is another issue Mobile Content application is creating a critical mass in ENUM that is not necessarily consistent with the VoIP application

13 ENUM: Missing Pieces I Know the Destination Domain of the Called Party I Can Now Query the Destination to Find the IP Address But: What QoS Rules are Associated with the Destination What Protocol/Variations are Available at the Destination What Network Path to Take What Security Policies/Keys Are Needed ENUM provides the information, but assumes the network will be able to figure it out. Reality: It Won’t (at least not yet)

14 Private Peering: Real World Example VeriSign Private Root Private IP Backbone Enterprise Location Server Private ENUM Call Control IN NAPTR "u" "E2U+sip" IN NAPTR "u" “E2U+mailto"

15 Solving the Underlying Network Problem Many Carriers & Enterprises utilize MPLS for Real-Time Transport Connection oriented traffic engineering with bandwidth protection Quality-of-Service mechanisms (e.g. voice prioritization) Secure MPLS Tunnels/MPLS Virtual Private Networking Problem: No Exit MPLS protects the on-net traffic There is no way off Firewalls are never touched INTERNET PSTN MPLS CORE VoIP Gateway Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP) SITE A Internet Gateway THIG NRD SITE B Bearer Signaling Redundant carrier-grade THIGs utilized by one or more federation members Internet/External connectivity is a completely separate connection

16 MPLS and ENUM Bearer Signaling INTERNET PSTN Federated Extranet (Domain Bridging NAP) Corporation A (MPLS VPN A) NRD THIG Corporation B (MPLS VPN B) MPLS Carrier A Corporation B (MPLS VPN B) MPLS Carrier B Corporation A (MPLS VPN A) SS7 ENUM DNS DA

17 Public and Private: A Real Example Austrian Public Root Public IP Backbone VeriSign Private Root Company 2 Company 1 IN NAPTR "u" "E2U+sip" IN NAPTR "u" “E2U+mailto" Private IP Backbone

18 Extending ENUM: EREG, DNS Extensions, etc. Tier 1 ENUM Option 1 Location Server/Registrar Tier 2 ENUM Call Control IN NAPTR "u" "E2U+sip" IN NAPTR "u" “E2U+mailto" Device Resources EREG Option 2Option 3 Perimeter Security and Interop Resources

19 ENUM Issues to Be Resolved Critical Mass (the Network Problem) Application developers Public or private directories Update rate One or many - providers, databases, … Regulatory and policy issues New identifiers Coverage PSTN Service Logic

20 Conclusions ENUM is currently a mess Private, Public, Mobile applications are uncoordinated and there is mass confusion Keep the end goal in mind – creating a public IP infrastructure for applications (voice, video, IM, gaming, etc) Opt-Out of Opt-In First to 30 million wins Anyone doing Private ENUM that is not peering is being short-sighted And finally…

ENUM: The Preferred Protocol of Gangsta Rap

Thank You!