Large Wind Turbine Generation in Thailand PINIJ SIRIPUEKPONG ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT DIVISION EGAT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED March 2006

Wind speed and direction Introduction The mean wind speed is varies from 2.5 m/s in the Northern part up to 4.0 m/s in the Southern part of Thailand. Some specific sites of Phuket Island have been measured and evaluated by EGAT , the result show that the monthly wind speed is varies from 4.0 to 6.1 m/s Wind speed and direction in Thailand NE- MONSOON November-April SW- MONSOON May-October Phuket Island

Monthly mean wind speed (m/s) at 36 m. above ground Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg. 1994 4.5 4.7 3.5 6.9 6.1 6.4 5.5 6.0 3.4 4.4 5.0 1995 5.4 4.9 3.9 4.3 5.3 4.1 6.8 4.8 1996 6.2 4.0 4.2 5.8 7.6 5.1 1997 5.2 3.7 NA 2.1 7.3 3.3 4.6 1998 6.5 5.9 1999 3.8 6.3 9.8 2.3 2000 3.6 7.0 2001 3.2 8.0 7.8 2002 2003 5.7

Backgrounds Wind Power Generation Technology has been introduced in Thailand since 1983. This is mainly attributed to field test works by Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). There are several institutions that concerning in the field of assessment wind energy, developing performance testing and monitoring of wind turbine for generating electricity.

Backgrounds Two of 10 kW are utilized for battery charging station in the year 1993. The 150 kW WTG was connected to the local distribution grid of PEA in the year 1996.The 150 kW WTG was successfully demonstrated at Promthep Alternative Energy Station, Phuket Island with annually generates 200,000 kWh to the distribution grid.

The annual energy supply to the distribution grid TABLE 1. Energy Production form WTG 150kW.(1996-2005) Phomthep, Phuket Province Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Month Jan 19,195 18,911 8,454 10,002 32,946 20,148 35,136 21,858 Feb 10,147 14,620 16,464 6,504 **234 18,942 18,012 15,036 9,974 Mar 6,653 13,176 14,724 4,242 12,330 11,376 12,594 15,762 18,804 Apr 5,202 12,080 26,076 1,284 10,608 5,628 4,704 6,522 6,546 May 22,814 4,090 4,656 **0 26,556 15,792 21,636 21,300 - Jun 13,371 23,506 7,728 48,942 30,426 8,820 3,636 34,818 Jul *29010 12,119 19,107 46,020 23,106 24,162 21,126 11,826 20,190 Aug 14,034 35,976 8,944 33,828 21,846 50,184 28,914 26,172 ***6708 Sep 38,634 11,965 18,354 15,618 12,708 **4602 4,854 36,780 ***1566 Oct 14,243 5,980 29,868 21,804 37,842 13,626 **48 15,366 10,740 Nov 15,109 11,145 16,972 11,130 7,284 20,040 **2934 4,314 10,722 Dec 11,483 16,974 13,817 **996 6,342 6,288 17,718 15,330 Total 93,503 171,541 193,445 206,502 170,100 211,560 157,668 192,906 193,830 57,182 Remark * Installed/Start in July1996   ** System errors / Maintenance *** Transformer Failure

Wind Turbine Generator Components & Specification Type : NTK 150/25

150 kW WTG Transportation to Phuket

Foundation & Tower

Generator & Blades Installation

Gear, Break and Generator

Metering & Control System

Wind Turbine Generation 150 kW 1996 Location of Promthep Alternative Energy Station, Phuket Island

The Economy of 150 kW WTG 1. Total Investment Cost 13,100,000 Baht. 2. Electrical Energy generated 197,000 kWh/year 3. O&M 260,000 Baht/year 4. Cost of generation (Discount rate 9.5%) -: Without subsidy 9.45 Baht/kWh 5. FIRR 14.00 %

EGAT plan to install large wind turbine generation with capacity 750 kWx3 in 2008. Objective of the WTG Project 1. To get The RPS’s credits 2. To develop and educate Thai working group on wind energy technology 3. To study for expansion large wind turbine generation in Thailand. 4. To follow the national economic and social development plan.

This site is good for large wind turbine generation. There have the accessible road for huge mobile crane and 33 kV distribution line of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) exists for grid connection.

10 kW WTG 10 kW WTG

The Economy of 750 kW WTG Project 1. Total Investment Cost 42,843,000 Baht./set 2. Electrical Energy generated 985,000 kWh/year 3. O&M 850,000 Baht/year 4. Cost of generation (Discount rate 9.5%) -: Without subsidy 6.18 Baht/kWh 5. FIRR 14.00 %

Future Installation of 3x750 kW WTG.

NRE Targets NRE NRE 8% 0.5% INCENTIVE RPS R & D Heat Heat (Incentive) Electricity Existing 560 MW INCENTIVE Electricity Solar 250 MW Wind 100 MW MSW 100 MW Hydro 350 MW Biomass 1,040 MW RPS Electricity Solar 6 MW Wind 0.2 MW Biomass 560 MW NRE 8% Heat (Incentive) 3,910 KTOE Heat ~ 0.00 KTOE NRE 0.5% Bio Fuel (Incentive) 1,570 KTOE Ethanol 3.0 M liter/day Biodiesel 2.4 M liter/day Bio fuel ~ 0.00 KTOE R & D 2545 (2002) 2554 (2011)

PDP2004 RPS 280 MW in 2008-2011 490 MW in 2012-2015 TOTAL = 770 MW 1 1

Potential & Energy Cost of RE Applicability to Thailand (Potential) 0.00 6.00 Unknown Potential Low Known Medium Known High Known Generation Cost (บาทต่อหน่วย) 14.00 Biogas Geothermal Tidal Wave Solar Wind MSW Biomass Small Hydro R&D Goal = Higher Potential or Lower Cost Exploit with R&D Pilot Projects: Goal = Proven Models 3.00 9.00 ที่มา : พ.พ./ DEDE

RPS 140 MW (EGAT Tentative) Mini-hydro 76.70 MW Biomass 27.00 MW MSW 21.00 MW Solar 10.05 MW Wind 5.25 MW ที่มา : แผน RPS ของ กฟผ.

Estimated Capacity of Renewable Energy Power Plant from RPS 5% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Hydro 22.70 48.00 6.00 17.00 11.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 125.70 Biomass 4.00 14.00 90.00 60.00 94.00 421.00 MSW 0.00 18.00 3.00 20.00 16.00 95.00 Wind 2.25 12.00 68.25 Solar 1.05 8.00 60.05 Capacity (MW) 35.00 70.00 140.00 105.00 770 ที่มา : ประเมินจากแผน PDP 2004

Conclusion Total Investment Cost WTG = 1.20-1.50 US$/Watt Annual Electrical Energy Generated WTG = 1,400 kWh/kW/yr Cost of Generation (without grant) WTG = 6.0-7.0 Baht/kWh