Power from the wind. Sailcloth turbines for water pumping, Lasithi plateau, Crete.

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Presentation transcript:

Power from the wind

Sailcloth turbines for water pumping, Lasithi plateau, Crete

Modern water pumping turbine with metal blades, Kenya. Mechanical drive from turbine rotor shaft to vertical pump actuating rod

Contours of mean annual wind speeds in Europe. UK (and especially Scotland) have the best resources

Typical wind turbine for electricity production from the late 1970’s. 9m rotor diameter, 15 kW rated power output, rigid tower construction

250 kW prototype by James Howden, Glasgow in early 1980’s. 28m diameter rotor, wood laminate blades, thin tubular steel tower

Howden turbine site erection process, using simple A-frame

Access to blade tip adjustment mechanism from platform on tower

Maintenance of wind turbines will demand special skills; access is more problematic for smaller machines

Nacelle layout of typical horizontal-axis turbine Disc brake Gearbox Generator Anemometer Yaw bearing and drive gear

Vestas 75 kW and 100 kW turbines at Altamont Pass, California, early 1980’s

UK Wind Energy Group (WEG) 250 kW turbines at Altamont Pass

Howden 330 kW production machines in California

WEG 300 kW turbine in California; 2 blades, full-span pitch control

WEG 2-bladed turbine in a UK setting: Cemmaes wind farm, Wales

Wind turbines at Tarifa in southern Spain

Wind farm in an industrial area: Blyth Harbour, Tyne and Wear, UK

First commercial offshore windfarm, Vindeby, Denmark

Turbines at Vindeby wind farm: Bonus 450 kW machines with full-span pitch control

Yttre Stengrund offshore wind farm, Sweden 5 turbines, water depth 8.5m

Contrasting applications of wind power at Yttre Stengrund

wind farm: NEG Micon turbines of 2 MW rated power output; rotor diameter 72m

Horns Reef offshore wind farm, Denmark. Erection of tower and mounting of ready-assembled turbine nacelle Vestas V80 turbines, each of rated power 2 MW

Horns Reef wind farm off the west coast of Denmark. 80 turbines, each rated at 2 MW

UK offshore wind farm at Blyth Harbour, Tyne and Wear. 2 turbines each rated at 2 MW, approx. 1 km from shore

Single-bladed wind turbine manufactured by Riva Calzoni, Italy. Rated at 225 kW

Direct drive to generator for 500 kW turbine by Enercon, Germany

Model of Enercon turbine showing enlarged hub required to contain the direct-drive generator

750 kW turbine with direct-drive generator by Jeumont, France

Vertical-axis turbines: 100W battery-charging prototype by MMEW, Dundee. Direct drive to generator, variable-pitch blades

150 kW vertical-axis wind turbine at Carmarthen Bay, Wales. UK-designed prototype with variable blade geometry. Concrete tower, composite blades 18m in height

Fixed-geometry vertical-axis turbine rated at 100 kW, Isles of Scilly, UK

500 kW development of 150 kW turbine with fixed-geometry blading, on test site at Carmarthen Bay

Project EOLE 4 MW vertical-axis prototype, Quebec. Tower height 110m, catenary-profile blades