by A.D.Thirumoorthy Tamil Nadu Electricity Board India

 Large untapped potential in India ~ 65,000 – 100,000 MW  Technologies: Synchronous and Asynchronous Generators (with and without gears), New hybrid technologies are being introduced  Turbine unit sizes: 500 kW to 1.65 MW, may go up to 2.0 MW in near future  Leading States: Tamil Nadu – 4200 MW, Maharashtra – 1800 MW, Gujarat 1400 MW  Costs ~ Rs Cr / MW subject to project size, location, technology

 Leading reactive power raises local voltage  Lagging reactive power lowers local voltage Add capacitors to counteract low voltage conditions Add reactors to counteract high voltage conditions, Turn off capacitors

V&I In Wind Mill

Voltage Harmonics

Current Harmonics

 This is a typical case of Wind Mills tripping due to Voltage Sag  Voltage Sag caused by tripping of another feeder in the same Sub Station due to earth fault  Rise in load current experienced  Suspect of induction Generator aiding the fault

Sample Dip

Voltage Dip in WM Feeder %

Current rise in WM Feeder +268%

Voltage Dip -51.4%

Tripping of WM Due to Sag Loss of WM Generation -42.5%

 This a case study of Voltage Swell  Voltage swell caused in a Wind Mill connected feeder  Voltage Swell seen when Wind Mill connected feeder is isolated manually  Voltage swell due to discharge of Capacitors connected for PF correction

Voltage Rise in WM During Supply Failure %

Voltage Rise in Wind Mill Feeder During Supply Failure %

Bipolar Transient

B-Phase voltage Drop put

Voltage SAG

Voltage Sag

Multiple Zero Crossing

Phase Shift Event

Sample Un-balance of Voltage

Transient

Transient due Tripping of Breaker due to inrush current

Flicker Data in Wind Mill

Sample Surge in Current

Swell in Current in Wind Mill

Active and Reactive Power in Wind Mill

Voltage Variation in Wind Mill

Frequency Profile

WM Generation Vs 110 KV Bus Voltage