TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt)
Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE
Like an apple Like a loaf of bread Like a hamburger (horizon)
Central Sulcus Lateral Fissure LATERAL VIEW
Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: (Pons Medulla) Cerebellum Central sulcus, lateral fissure, Lobes, Broca’s area, primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory cortex _________ VIEW
DORSAL VIEW
VENTRAL VIEW
_________ VIEW Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: Cerebellum Frontal Lobe, Temporal lobe Olfactory nerve
Localize: cerebellum, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, Brainstem: medulla, pons, midbrain (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus ),
VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth ventricle, central canal - filled with cerebrospinal fluid MENINGES – cover brain and spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater
Vertebra of Spinal column
Basal Ganglia
BRAINSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS: 4 F’s(feeding, fighting, fleeing,sex) MIDBRAIN –VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation) –SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinson’s Disease) PONS (arousal – reticular formation ), MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)
Spinal cord cross-section
Nissl-stained rat brain
Gross Anatomy The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs. Thus there will be no lecture on this topic Use the following notes & figures as prompts and reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be memorized.
Terms describing anatomical structures A bundle of axons: in the Central Nervous System = TRACT (e.g., ‘optic tract’) in the Peripheral Nervous System = NERVE (e.g., optic nerve) A collection of cell bodies in the Central Nervous System = NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens) in the Peripheral Nervous System = GANGLION (exception: basal ganglia are in the CNS) Gray matter - cell bodies White matter - myelinated axons Gyrus – ridge or protuberance on surface of the brain Sulcus – groove on surface of brain between gyri Fissure – long, deep sulcus