Passenger Aircraft Environmental Control System Safety Analysis Presented By: Brian Cranley, Ali Dalal, Chris Hankins, Josh Martin
Objective To analyze and perform a System Safety Analysis on Environmental Control Systems (ECS) in passenger aircraft To derive possible redesigns in procedures and hardware involved in the functionality of the ECS
Scope Focuses on the hazards involved in a passenger aircraft cruising at an altitude of 35,000ft
System Components Bleed Air Air Conditioning Ventilation & Distribution Pressure Regulation boeing.com
System Description Bleed Air ”heart” of the ECS automatic aside from an on/off switch in cockpit comprised of the engine, valves, ports, and sensors that allow airflow selects the right bleed port to send air through (dependant upon where the aircraft is, i.e. takeoff, cruise, or landing) decreases the pressure and temperature of air entering the aircraft so it can be dispersed for the remainder of the ECS ASHRAE
System Description (cont.) Ozone Converter disassociates ozone to oxygen molecules uses a catalyst such as palladium (Pd) up to 95% effective when new limcoairepair.com
System Description (cont.) Air-conditioning Packs air is dried to 10-20% humidity air is cooled from 400°F (temperature when leaving ozone converter) to 60°F most commercial aircraft utilize two or three air-cycle machines linked in parallel as a safety precaution against in-flight failures ntsb.gov
System Description (cont.) Distribution and Filtration air from air-conditioner is mixed in manifold with filtered, re-circulated air. air is treated with a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter - nearly 99.9% effective in removing microbes air is distributed from manifold to ductwork, and then through vents at roughly 500 fpm air stays in cabin 2-3 minutes before it is re-circulated boeing.com
System Description (cont.) Backup Oxygen Supply in event of ECS system failure oxygen stored in container and valve assemblies at 1850psi reduced to 70psi for delivery through overhead masks
System Description (cont.) Pressure Regulation desired pressure altitude of 8000ft cabin controlled by pressure regulator located so that all cabin air must pass through the outflow valve section to return to the atmosphere regulator assembly recognizes the changes in ambient pressure and controls the inflow and/or outflow of air depending on controller signals safety valve incorporated to reduce high cabin pressure boeing.com
Analyses Performed Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Preliminary Hazard Analysis PHA takes place during the design phase review of historical safety experience identifies areas for concern identifies and evaluates hazards begins to consider safety design criteria
PHA (cont.) Bleed Air System IP Valve temperature sensor Pressurization System regulator assembly relief valve
Failure Mode & Effects Analysis FMEA reliability form of analysis may contain events that will not contribute to an accident analyzes system components for their contribution to a state of unreliability
FMEA (cont.) Bleed Air System IP Valve temperature sensor Pressurization System regulator assembly relief valve Auxiliary Oxygen Supply storage tank fire protection
Fault Tree Analysis FTA method structures relations in a graphic representation to form a Boolean logic model structured to end in a specific outcome directs deductively to accident-related events can be qualitative or quantitative provides insight into system behavior
Conclusions & Recommendations Install redundant temperature sensors downstream of precooler entrance to cabin Add redundant valves downstream of IP valve cabin relief valves
C & R (cont.) Fire protection fire resistant materials install sprinkler heads smoke hoods Auxiliary Oxygen Supply explosion resistant casing for storage tank O 2 sensors manual O 2 mask release
C & R (cont.) Frequent software upgrades Detailed maintenance procedures
Questions