BELL WORK: Copy the underlined portion of the question and write your answer. Hormones released during puberty lead to increased height in humans. What two body systems interact to cause this increase in height? Circulatory and reproductive Digestive and muscular Endocrine and skeletal Integumentary and nervous

CO: I will describe the interactions between the nervous and endocrine systems. LO: I will complete a scavenger hunt to write my notes. I will do a lab with a partner.

For your notes today… You will be doing a Scavenger Hunt for your notes. Use the printed slides around the room to find answers to your questions…they may not be word-for-word! You will need to READ and THINK. These are your notes for today. If you have a question, ask!

When you finish the scavenger hunt, copy the table below onto the back of your notes page: Type of stimulus Trial 1 (in) Trial 2 (in) Trial 3 (in) Average distance (in) Visual cue (see) Auditory cue (hear) Tactile cue (feel)

Differences Nervous System Endocrine System Rapid acting Electrical Impulses Involved in control of things that change over short time periods (seconds to minutes) All or none principle Examples – Heart rate Respiration Voluntary muscle contractions Endocrine System More slowly acting Chemical Messages Involved in control of things that change over long time periods (minutes to years) Gradients Examples – Growth reproduction

Reaction Time Lab Introduction: A meter stick will be held perpendicular to the floor, dropped, and a student will catch it to determine how far it falls before the student reacts. The slower the reaction on the part of the student, the farther the meter stick will fall. Differences in the reaction time of the student to different stimuli will be compared.

Hypothesis Complete the following statement underneath your chart: A (visual/auditory/tactile) stimulus will have the fastest reaction time because ________________________________.

Conclusion: Was your hypothesis supported? Why or why not? What might have caused the results you saw?

Body Responses Two systems in the body are primarily responsible regulating other body systems Nervous System Endocrine System Regulatory systems are needed for the maintenance of homeostasis

The Nervous System Electrical Communication

The Nervous System Main Function: This communication system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Our nervous system allows us to feel pain.

Consists of: brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs The Nervous System Consists of: brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs Sense Organs: Eyes, Skin, Ears, Nose & Tongue

A nerve is an organ containing a bundle of nerve cells called neurons. The Nerve A nerve is an organ containing a bundle of nerve cells called neurons. Neurons carry electrical messages called impulses throughout the body. Picture shows hundreds of severed neuron axons

TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON dendrite muscle tissue Axon cell body synapse Impulse in a Neuron muscle tissue TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON Axon dendrite synapse cell body cell body

Parts of a Neuron Cell body: contains nucleus & most of the cytoplasm Dendrites: projections that bring impulses into the neuron to the cell body. Axon: long projection that carries impulses away from cell body 1 3 2

Because neurons never touch, chemical signalers called neurotransmitters must travel through the space called synapse between two neurons. Neurotransmitters (pink spheres) The message is transferred when RECEPTORS receive neurotrans-mitters. Synapse (gap)

Communication with Neurons Nerves work together with muscles for movement. An impulse begins when one neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the sense organs. The impulse travels down the axons of Sensory neurons to the brain cells called Interneurons. The brain will then send an impulse through motor neurons to the necessary muscle or organs, telling it to contract.

Reflexes protect the body before the brain knows what is going on. A reflex is an involuntary response that is processed in the spinal cord not the brain. Reflexes protect the body before the brain knows what is going on. Reflex Arc

Nervous System Central Nervous System: Consists of: Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory division and Motor division -includes all sensory neurons, motor neurons, and sense organs

Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata (Brain Stem) Spinal Cord Central Nervous System Cerebrum Voluntary or conscious activities of the body-learning, judgment Cerebellum Coordinates and balances the actions of the muscles Medulla Oblongata (Brain Stem) Controls involuntary actions like blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing Spinal Cord The main communications link between the brain and the rest of the body

The Endocrine System Main Function: It releases hormones into the blood to signal other cells to behave in certain ways. It is a slow but widespread form of communication. Chemical Communication

Endocrine glands Release hormones into the bloodstream. The Endocrine System Consists of: Endocrine glands Release hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemicals released in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body.

Hormones are Extremely Powerful

Pituitary Gland Function: It secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and controls functions of other glands. Disorders: To much growth hormones (GH) in early childhood can result in a condition called gigantism. To little GH can result in Pituitary Dwarfism. Robert Wadlow

Thyroid Gland Function: plays a major role in regulation the body’s metabolism. Disorders: If the Thyroid Gland produces to much Thyroxin, it can cause a condition known as Hyperthyroidism. If to little thyroxin produces it is called Hypothyroidism.

Pancreas Function: The Insulin and Glycogen in the Pancreas help to keep the level of glucose in the blood stable. Disorders: When the Pancreas fails to produce or properly use Insulin, it can cause a condition known as Diabetes Mellitus.

Adrenal Gland Functions: -The adrenal glands release Adrenaline in the body that helps prepare for and deal with stress. -Also regulates kidney function.

Ovaries Functions: Pair of reproductive organs found in women that produce eggs. Also secrete estrogen and progesterone, which control ovulation and menstruation.

Testes Pair of reproductive glands that produces sperm. Functions: Pair of reproductive glands that produces sperm. Also secrete Testosterone to give the body its masculine characteristics.

Interaction of Glands The hypothalamus is located in the brain and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It is an important link between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Think-Pair-Share What are some differences between the nervous and endocrine systems?